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Korean traditional house “Hanok” is one of the prominent Korean culture. Hanok has built a lot and developed in Korean Peninsula and Manchuria. The history of Hanok is really deep. It has a history over 2000 years.[1] The oldest remaining Hanok is Geungnakjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple which is built in before 1363. The temple is built over 650 years ago, but it still maintain original structure.The temple show how Korean traditional house is superior. In Neolithic era, Korean already has built small house which made by natural sources, rafters and columns are made by woods, the roof was made straw. They had high technology for building house in almost 2000 yeas ago, and the way of building is still foundation of recent structures.
Hanok has two main characteristics, “Ondol” and ”Daechong”. Ondol is heating system, Daechong is cooling system. These are used for keeping comfortable air condition inside of Hanok.[2] Onbol need a “Agung” which is traditional fire place in middle of the house. The Agung will be source of fire and the heat travel to around house. Especially the hating system effect to heat up floor, therefore the system is preferred in winter. Korean used to sit on floor before western furnitures became common, so keeping warm is important for their health. On the other hand, summer need cooling system to live comfortable. The system is Daechong, it avoid hot sunlights on summer time, also it work for being well ventilated. These primitive air conditioning systems are very effective, thus they still use in many houses in today. Actually the shape of Hanok differ according to region. Houses are built in a closed square form to retain heat better in cold place where is northern religion in Korea. In the southern religion houses shape “I” form to through wind easily.[3]
The place which is built Korean traditional house is principle point. Korean people prefer a location where is protected by mountains, and there is a river in front because they easy to access to water. Water is really important source for living, and mountain protect from a gale and sudden changing of temperature, also adequate ventilation and exposure to sunlight. There is more reason, it is a geomancy. The theory of geomancy is not just a simple superstition for them. Koreans regard a house built against the background of a mountain and facing the south as being in the most ideal location. After considering these reason, Hanok is practical traditional house.
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