Order of battle during Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation

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This is an order of battle listing the British and Commonwealth forces involved in the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation (1962–66).

Commonwealth order of battle[edit]

The following units served in North Borneo, Sarawak or Brunei between 24 December 1962 and 11 August 1966, the eligible dates for the 1962 General Service Medal with clasp BORNEO. Those marked * were based in UK. The conditions for the BORNEO clasp were 30 days service ashore in Brunei, Sabah or Sarawak or afloat in coastal waters or one operational flying sortie in support of operations ashore. In addition the MALAY PENINSULA clasp was awarded for 30 days service ashore in the Malay Peninsula or Singapore or afloat in their waters or carrying out 30 air patrols over the land area between 17 August 1964 and 11 August 1966.

In addition to the units listed below, between 1963 and 1966 there were up to 80 ships from the Royal Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Malay Navy and Royal New Zealand Navy. Most of these were patrol craft, minesweepers, frigates and destroyers patrolling the coast-line to intercept Indonesian insurgents. One of the two Commando Carriers, HMS Albion and HMS Bulwark, was also committed throughout the period of Confrontation usually in their transport role for troops, helicopters and army aircraft between Singapore and Borneo.

An indication of relative effort is 'infantry battalion months' for the last 12 months of the war in Sarawak and Sabah. Of the 144 such months 36 were Malaysian, 48 Gurkha, 52 British, 4 Australian and 4 New Zealand.

United Kingdom[edit]

Australia[edit]

Malaysia[edit]

New Zealand[edit]

List battles and operations in the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation[edit]

Following is a list of battles and operations in the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation.

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Battle of Terbedu (1963)

Location: Terbedu

 Malaysia  Indonesia Malaysian Victory
  • Indonesian forces were pushed back to the border.[6]
Operation Tindakan B
(1963)

Location: Biawak

 Malaysia  Indonesia Malaysian Victory
  • Indonesian forces were pushed back to the border.[7]
Operation Sinker

Location: Sarawak

 United Kingdom  Indonesia British Victory
  • Capture of several Indonesia force.[8]
Kalimantan airstrike

Location: Kalimantan,Indonesia

 Commonwealth  Indonesia Commomwealth Victory
  • Diminished Indonesia operational capability in the area.[9]
Battle of Gumbang

Location: Gumbang

 Malaysia
 United Kingdom 		 Indonesia Commomwealth Victory
  • Significant Indonesian casualties.[10]
Battle of Long Jawai

Location: Long Jawai

 Malaysia
 United Kingdom 		 Indonesia Both sides Victory
Operation Tenggara

Location: Sarawak

 Malaysia
 United Kingdom 		 Indonesia Commomwealth Tactical Victory[11]
Battle of Kluang

Location: Johor,Kluang

 Malaysia  Indonesia Malaysian Victory
  • Malaysia force managed to secure the area.[12]
Operation Malayan Tiger

Location: Sarawak

 Malaysia
 United Kingdom 		 Indonesia Commomwealth Victory
  • Commonwealth forces successfully break the infiltration by Indonesian force.[13]
Raid on Kalabakan

Location: Kalabakan

Template:Country data Malaysi
 United Kingdom 		 Indonesia Both sides Victory
  • The Kalabakan base was successfully destroyed but the Indonesian forces were repulsed after an attack by the British force.[14]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Dennis & Grey 1996, p. 312.
  2. ^ Grey 1998, p. 55.
  3. ^ Pugsley 2003, pp. 227–240.
  4. ^ Pugsley 2003, pp. 222–227.
  5. ^ Pugsley 2003, pp. 367–368.
  6. ^ Conflict and Confrontation in South East Asia (2001), p.144.
  7. ^ Conflict and Confrontation in South East Asia (2001), p.144.
  8. ^ Indonesia And Malaysia: The Politics of Economic Cooperation by Franklin B. Weinstein , p.99-100.
  9. ^ Britain and the Confrontation with Indonesia (1960-1966) , p.202.
  10. ^ Malaysia and The United States by Gordon P.Means , p.54-55.
  11. ^ The Struggle for Malaysia: Race, Class, and Democracy by Shed Hussein , p.201-202.
  12. ^ Malayan: The Macking of a Neo-Colony by A. J. Stockwell , p.147-148.
  13. ^ The Diplomacy of Confrontation by Matthew Jones , p.62.
  14. ^ Nino Oktorino (2020) , p.57.

References[edit]

  • Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey (1996). Emergency and Confrontation: Australian Military Operations in Malaya and Borneo 1950–1966. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86373-302-7. OCLC 187450156.
  • Grey, Jeffrey (1998). Up Top. the Royal Australian Navy and Southeast Asian Conflicts 1955–1972. The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-290-7.
  • Pugsley, Christopher (2003). From Emergency to Confrontation: The New Zealand Armed Forces in Malaya and Borneo 1949–66. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195584530.
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