List of Indian monarchs
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This article is a list of the various dynasties and monarchs that have ruled in the Indian subcontinent and it is one of several lists of incumbents.
The earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources found in archeological inscriptions on Ashokan edicts[1][2] written in Pali language and using brahmi script. They are also known from the literary sources like Sanskrit literature, Jain literature and Buddhist literature in context of literary sources. Archaeological sources include archeological remains in Indian subcontinent which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other.
Early types of historic documentation include metal coins with an indication of the ruler, or at least the dynasty, at the time. These Punch-marked coins were issued around 600s BCE and are found in abundance from the Maurya Empire in 300s BCE. There are also stone inscriptions and documentary records from foreign cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of North India are fairly clear from this point on, but many local rulers, and the situation in the Deccan and South India has less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries. Main sources of South Indian history is Sangam Literature dated from 300s BCE. Time period of ancient Indian rulers is speculative, or at least uncertain.
Vedic India (c. 2000s BCE – 200s BCE)[edit]
Kingdom of Magadha[edit]
Kingdom of Kashmir[edit]
Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500 – 518 BCE)[edit]
Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200 – 345 BCE)[edit]
Kingdom of Avanti (c. 1100 – 400 BCE)[edit]
- Sahasrajit
- Satajit
- Mahahaya, Renuhaya and Haihaya (the founder of Haihaya Kingdom). (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Mandhatri)
- Dharma was the son of Haihaya.
- Netra
- Kunti
- Sohanji
- Mahishman was the founder of Mahishmati on the banks of River Narmada.
- Bhadrasenaka (Bhadrasena) (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Trishanku)
- Durmada (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Harischandra)
- Durdama
- Bhima
- Samhata
- Kanaka
- Dhanaka
- Krtavirya, Krtagni, Krtavarma and Krtauja. (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Rohitashva)
- Sahasrabahu Kartavirya Arjuna was the son of Krtavirya who ruled 88 years and was finally killed by Lord Parashurama.
- Jayadhwaja, Vrshabha, Madhu and Urujit were left by Parshurama and 995 others were killed by Lord Parashurama. Pajanya was adopted by Kroshta king Devamidha
- Talajangha (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Asita)
- Vithihotra (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Sagara)
- Madhu
- Vrshni
Videha (c. 1100 – 700 BCE)[edit]
Kalinga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 261 BCE)[edit]
Kosala Kingdom (c. 1100 – 345 BCE)[edit]
Kings of Kosala:[3]
- Brihadbala
- Brihatkshaya
- Urukriya
- Vatsavyuha
- Prativyoma
- Bhaanu
- Divakara
- Veer Sahadeva
- Brihadashva
- Bhanuratha
- Pratitashva
- Supratika
- Marudeva
- Sunakshatra
- Pushkara
- Antariksha
- Suvarna
- Bruhadaraaj
- Kritanjaya
- Ranajjaya
- Sanjaya Mahakoshala or Jayasena
- Prasenajit
- Virudhaka
- Sumitra
Panchala Kingdom (c. 1100 BCE – 350 CE)[edit]
Kings of Panchala:
- Rishin
- Brihadbhanu, (son of Brihadvasu)
- Brihatkaya
- Puranjaya
- Riksha
- Bramhyaswa
- Aramyaswa
- Mudgala, Yavinara, Pratiswan, Maharaja Kampilya - (founder of Kampilya capital of Panchala Kingdom)
- Sranjaya, (son of Aramyaswa)
- Dritimana
- Drdhanemi
- Sarvasena, (founder of Ujjain Kingdom)
- Mitra
- Rukmaratha
- Suparswa
- Sumathi
- Sannatimana
- Krta
- Pijavana
- Somadutta
- Jantuvahana
- Badhrayaswa
- Brihadhishu
- Brihadhanu
- Brihadkarma
- Jayaratha
- Visvajit
- Seinyajit
- Nepavirya, (after this King's name the country was named Nepaldesh)
- Samara
- Sadashva
- Ruchiraswa
- Pruthusena
- Prapti
- Prthaswa
- Sukrthi
- Vibhiraja
- Anuha
- Bramhadatta II
- Vishwaksena
- Dandasena
- Durmukha
- Durbuddhi
- Dharbhya
- Divodasa
- Sivana I
- Mitrayu
- Maitrayana
- Soma
- Sivana II
- Sadasana
- Sahadeva
- Somaka, (Somaka's eldest son was Sugandakrthu and youngest was Prishata. But in a war all sons died and Prishata Survived and became the king of Panchala)
- Prishati, (son of Somaka)
- Drupada, (son of Prishata)
- Dhrishtadyumna, (was the son of Drupada, Draupadi and Shikhandi were the daughters of Drupada)
- Keśin Dālbhya
- Pravahana Jaivali
- Achyuta, (last known ruler of Panchala Kingdom which was defeated in c. 350 CE by Gupta ruler Samudragupta.)
Anga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE)[edit]
Kings of Anga:
- Maharaj Anga - (founder of the kingdom and son of King Bali)
- Romapada
- Brihadratha
- Angaraj Karna
- Vrishaketu - (son of Karna)
- Tamralipta
- Lomapada
- Chitraratha
- Vrihadratha
- Vasuhoma
- Dhatarattha
- Dhadivahana
- Brahmadatta - (last king of Anga kingdom)
Kamboja Kingdom (c. 700 – 200 BCE)[edit]
Kings of Kamboja:
- Kamatha
- Chandravarma Kamboja
- Kamatha Kamboja
- Prapaksha Kamboja
- Sudakshina Kamboja
- Srindra Varmana Kamboj
Shakya Republic (c. 7th to 5th century BCE)[edit]
Rulers of Shakya:
Later Shakya Republic was conquered by Virudhaka of Kosala.
Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543 – 437 BCE)[edit]
Portrait | Name | Birth | Death | Ruler From (in BCE) | Ruler Until (in BCE) | Marriages | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vijaya | ? Sinhapura son of Sinhabahu, and Sinhasivali |
505 Tambapanni |
543 | 505 | Kuveni two children Pandu Princess |
Founded Kingdom Marriage to Kuveni | |
Upatissa (regent) |
- | - | 505 | 504 | Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister | ||
Panduvasdeva | - | - | 504 | 474 | Nephew of Vijaya | ||
Abhaya | - | - | 474 | 454 | Son of Panduvasdeva | ||
Tissa (regent) |
- | - | 454 | 437 | Younger brother of Abhaya |
Ancient South Indian dynasties[edit]
Pandyan dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1650 CE)[edit]
Early Pandyans[edit]
- Koon Pandiyan - (Earliest Known Pandyan king)
- Nedunj Cheliyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan), he was mentioned in legend of Kannagi
- Pudappandiyan
- Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
- Nedunj Cheliyan II (Pasumpun Pandiyan)
- Nan Maran
- Nedunj Cheliyan III (Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)
- Maran Valudi
- Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
- Ukkirap Peruvaluthi
Middle Pandyans (c. 590–920 CE)[edit]
- Kadungon (590–620 CE)
- Maravarman Avani Culamani (c. 620–645 CE)
- Jayantavarman (c. 645–670 CE)
- Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (c. 670–710 CE)
- Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (710–735 CE)
- Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I (735–765)
- Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
- Rasasingan II (790–800)
- Varagunan I (800–830)
- Srimara Srivallabha (815–862)
- Varagunavarman II (862–880)
- Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
- Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920)
Pandyans under Chola Empire (c. 920–1216 CE)[edit]
- Sundara Pandyan I
- Vira Pandyan I
- Vira Pandyan II
- Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
- Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
- Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
- Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
- Jatavarman Chola Pandya
- Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
- Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
- Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)
- Kulasekara Pandyan III
- Vira Pandyan III
- Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
- Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)
Pandalam dynasty (Later Pandyans) (c. 1212–1345 CE)[edit]
- Parakrama Pandyan II (1212–1215)
- Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216–1238)
- Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II (1238–1240)
- Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238–1251)
- Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268)
- Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308)
- Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
- Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)
Tenkasi Pandya dynasty (c. 1422–1650 CE)[edit]
During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.
- Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan (1422–1463)
- Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473)
- Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473–1506)
- Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499)
- Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543)
- Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552)
- Nelveli Maran (1552–1564)
- Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604)
- Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612)
- Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618)
- Kollankondan (1618–1650)
Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1530 CE)[edit]
Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) (c. 1090–1530 CE):
- Rama Kulasekhara (1090–1102)
- Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125)
- Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145)
- Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150)
- Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150)
- Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)
- Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173)
- Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192)
- Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)
- Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
- Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
- Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
- Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
- Ravi Varma (1252–1313)
- Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333)
- Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
- Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
- Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
- Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
- Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382)
- Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416)
- Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417)
- Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)
- Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)
- Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)
- Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468)
- Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484
- Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484–1503)
- Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
- Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)
Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1279 CE)[edit]
Ancient Chola kings (c. 600 BCE – 300 CE):
- Eri Oliyan Vaendhi
- Maandhuvaazhi
- El Mei Nannan
- Keezhai Kinjuvan
- Vazhisai Nannan
- Mei Kiyagusi Aerru
- Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru
- Thizhagan Maandhi
- Maandhi Vaelan
- Aai Adumban
- Ilamcetcenni
- Karikala Chola
- Nedunkilli
- Nalankilli
- Killivalavan
- Perunarkilli
- Kocengannan
- Nalluruththiran
Chola emperors (848 – 1279 AD)
Velir dynasties (c. 300 BCE – 1200 CE)[edit]
Major dynasties of Velir are-
- Vēl Pāri
- Ilanji Vel
- Irunkōvēl
- Athiyamān
- Malayamān
- Malaiyamān Thirumudi Kāri
- Athiyamān Nedumān Añci
- Vaiyāvik Kōpperum Pēkan
Ay dynasty (Velir) (c. 300 BCE – 800 CE)[edit]
Early Ay Kings[edit]
- Ay Andiran
- Ay Titiyan
- Ay Atiyan
Medieval Ay Kings[edit]
- Chadayan Karunanthan
- Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha (r. 856–884 CE)
- Vikramaditya Varaguna (r. 884–911 CE)
Pallava dynasty (c. 275 – 897 CE)[edit]
Middle Kingdoms (200s BC – 550s AD)[edit]
Satavahana dynasty (c. 228 BCE – 224 CE)[edit]
Kingdom of Kalinga (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)[edit]
Mahameghavahana dynasty:
- Maharaja Vasu
- King Mahamegha Vahana
- Sobhanaraja
- Chandraja
- Ksemaraja
- Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja
- Kharavela (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)[4][5]
- Kudepasiri Vakradeva ll
- Vaduka
- Galaveya
- Mana-Sada
- Siri-Sada
- Maha-Sada
- Sivamaka-Sada
- Asaka-Sada
Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200s BCE –1950 CE)[edit]
Kuninda Kingdom (c. 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE)[edit]
The only known ruler of Kuninda Kingdom is:
- Amoghabhuti (late 2nd to early 1st century BCE)
Indo-Greek Kingdom (Yavanarajya) (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE)[edit]
Indo-Scythian (Saka) ( c. 12 BCE – 395 CE)[edit]
List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers
Kushan Empire (c. 1 – 375 CE)[edit]
Indo-Parthian (Pahalava) (c. 21 – 100 CE)[edit]
Indo-Sasanian Kingdom (c. 233 – 365 CE)[edit]
Alchon Huns (Huna) (c. 400 – 670 CE)[edit]
[edit]
- Chutukulananda
- Mulananda
- Sivalananda
Khokhra chieftaincy (c. 64–1952 CE)[edit]
Kingdom of Padmavati (c. 170–350 CE)[edit]
Chandra dynasty (c. 202–1050 CE)[edit]
# | King | Period | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Chandrodaya | 27 | 202–229 |
2 | Annaveta | 5 | 229–234 |
3 | Chandra | 77 | 234–311 |
4 | Rimbhiappa | 23 | 311–334 |
5 | Kuverami (Queen) | 7 | 334–341 |
6 | Umavira | 20 | 341–361 |
7 | Jugna | 7 | 361–368 |
8 | Lanki | 2 | 368–370 |
9 | Dvenchandra | 55 | 370–425 |
10 | Rajachandra | 20 | 425–445 |
11 | Kalachandra | 9 | 445–454 |
12 | Devachandra | 22 | 454–476 |
13 | Yajnachandra | 7 | 476–483 |
14 | Chandrabandu | 6 | 483–489 |
15 | Bhumichandra | 7 | 489–496 |
16 | Bhutichandra | 24 | 496–520 |
17 | Nitichandra | 55 | 520–575 |
18 | Virachandra | 3 | 575–578 |
19 | Pritichandra | 12 | 578-90 |
20 | Prithvichandra | 7 | 590–597 |
21 | Dhirtichandra | 3 | 597–600 |
22 | Mahavira | 12 | 600-12 |
23 | Virayajap | 12 | 612-24 |
24 | Sevinren | 12 | 624-36 |
25 | Dharmasura | 13 | 636-49 |
26 | Vajrashakti | 16 | 649-65 |
27 | Dharmavijaya | 36 | 665–701 |
28 | Narendravijaya | 2 yr 9 months | 701–703 |
29 | Dharmachandra | 16 | 703–720 |
30 | Anandachandra | 9+ | 720-729+ |
Harikela Dynasty | |||
1 | Traillokyachandra | 30 | 900–930 |
2 | Srichandra | 45 | 930–975 |
3 | Kalyanachandra | 25 | 975–1000 |
4 | Ladahachandra | 20 | 1000–1020 |
5 | Govindachandra | 30 | 1020–1050 |
Abhira dynasty of Nasik (203–370 CE)[edit]
The following is the list of the sovereign and strong Abhira rulers:[8]
- Abhira Sivadatta
- Sakasena alias Saka Satakrni
- Abhira Ishwarsena alias Mahaksatrapa Isvaradatta
- Abhira Vashishthiputra Vasusena
Second Magadha Empire (c. 240 – 750 CE)[edit]
Imperial Guptas[edit]
Ruler | Reign | ||
---|---|---|---|
Srigupta | 240–290 | ||
Ghatotkacha | 290–320 | ||
Chandragupta I | 320–325 | ||
Samudragupta | 325–375 | ||
Kacha | 4th-century | ||
Ramagupta | 375–380 | ||
Chandragupta II Vikramaditya | 380–415 | ||
Kumaragupta I | 415–455 | ||
Skandagupta | 455–467 | ||
Purugupta | 467–472 | ||
Kumaragupta II Kramaditya | 472–479 | ||
Buddhagupta | 479–496 | ||
Narasimhagupta Baladitya | 496–530 | ||
Kumaragupta III | 530–540 | ||
Vishnugupta Candraditya | 540–550 | ||
Bhanugupta | ? |
Later Guptas (c. 490 – 750 CE)[edit]
The genealogy of Later Gupta rulers regin is disputed, this list is approx to there original regin:[9][10]
Nu. | King | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Krishna-gupta | c. 490–505 |
2 | Harsha-gupta | c. 505–525 |
3 | Jivita-gupta I | c. 525–550 |
4 | Kumara-gupta | c. 550–560 |
5 | Damodara-gupta | c. 560–562 |
6 | Mahasena-gupta | c. 562–601 |
7 | Madhava-gupta | c. 601–655 |
8 | Aditya-sena | c. 655–680 |
9 | Deva-gupta | c. 680–700 |
10 | Vishnu-gupta | c. 700–725 |
11 | Jivita-gupta II | c. 725–750 |
Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE)[edit]
Ruler | Reign | Capital | |
---|---|---|---|
Vindhyashakti | 250-275 | Vatsagulma | |
Pravarasena I | 275-330 | Vatsagulma | |
Rudrasena I | 330-360 | Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)] | |
Sarvasena I | 330-355 | Vatsagulma (Southern) | |
Vindhyasena | 355-400 | Vatsagulma (Southern) | |
Prithivishena I | 360-385 | Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern) | |
Rudrasena II | 385-390 | Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern) | |
Regency of Prabhavatigupta (390-410) | |||
Divakarasena | 390-410 | Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern) | |
Pravarasena II | 400-415 | Vatsagulma (Southern) | |
Damodarasena | 410-420 | Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern) | |
Sarvasena II | 415-455 | Vatsagulma (Southern) | |
Pravarasena II | 430-440 | Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern) | |
Narendrasena | 440-460 | Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern) | |
Devasena | 455-480 | Vatsagulma (Southern) | |
Prithivishena II | 460-480 | Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern) | |
Harishena | 480-510 | Vatsagulma (Southern) |
Aulikara dynasty (c. 300 – 550 CE)[edit]
Rulers of First Aulikara dynasty-
- Jayavarma
- Simhavarma
- Naravarma
- Vishvavarma
- Bandhuvarma
Rulers of Second Aulikara dynasty-
- Drumavardhana
- Jayavardhana
- Ajitavardhana
- Vibhishanavardhana
- Rajyavardhana
- Prakashadharma
- Yashodharman (c. 515–545 CE)
Kadamba dynasties (345 – 1310 CE)[edit]
[edit]
Banavasi branch rulers-
- Mayurasharma (345–365)
- Kangavarma (365–390)
- Bhageerath (390–415)
- Raghu (415–435)
- Kakusthavarma (435–455)
- Santivarma (455–460)
- Shiva Mandhatri (460–475)
- Mrigeshavarma (475–485)
- Ravivarma (485–519)
- Harivarma (519–530)
Triparvatha branch rulers-
- Krishna Varma I (455–475)
- Vishnuvarma (475–485)
- Simhavarma (485–516)
- Krishna Varma II (516–540)
Kadamba dynasty of Goa (960 – 1345 CE)[edit]
- Shashthadeva I alis Kantakacharya (c. 960 CE), founder of dynasty
- Nagavarma
- Guhalladeva I
- Shashathadeva II
- Guhalladeva II (1038–1042)
- Veeravarmadeva ( 1042–1054)
- Jayakeshi I (1054–1080)
- Guhalladeva II alias Tribhuvanamalla (1080–1125)
- Vijayaditya I alias Vijayarka, (ruling prince up to 1104)
- Jayakeshi II (1125–1148)
- Shivachitta alis Paramadideva ( 1148–1179)
- Vishnuchitta alias Vijayaditya II (1179–1187)
- Jayakeshi III (1188–1216)
- Vajradeva alis Shivachitta (regin?)
- Sovideva alis Tribhuvanamalla (1216–1246?)
- Shashthadeva III (?1246–1265)
- Kamadeva (1265–1310), last known ruler of dynasty
Kadamba dynasty of Hangal (980 – 1275 CE)[edit]
- known rulers are-
- Chattadeva (980–1031), founder of dynasty
- Kamadeva
- Somadeva
- Mayuravarma
Other minor Kadamba Kingdoms[edit]
- Kadambas of Halasi
- Kadambas of Bankapur
- Kadambas of Bayalnad
- Kadambas of Nagarkhanda
- Kadambas of Uchchangi
- Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu)
Varman dynasty of Kamarupa (350–650 CE)[edit]
The dynastic line, as given in the Dubi and Nidhanpur copperplate inscriptions:[11]
Reign | Name | succession | Queen | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 350-374 | Pushyavarman | (unknown) | |
2 | 374-398 | Samudravarman | son of Pushyavarman | Dattadevi |
3 | 398-422 | Balavarman | son of Samudravarman | Ratnavati |
4 | 422-446 | Kalyanavarman | son of Balavarman | Gandharavati |
5 | 446-470 | Ganapativarman | son of Kalyanavarman | Yajnavati |
6 | 470-494 | Mahendravarman | son of Ganapativarman | Suvrata |
7 | 494-518 | Narayanavarman | son of Mahendravarman | Devavati |
8 | 518-542 | Bhutivarman | son of Narayanavarman | Vijnayavati |
9 | 542-566 | Chandramukhavarman | son of Bhutivarman | Bhogavati |
10 | 566-590 | Sthitavarman | son of Chandramukhavarman | Nayanadevi |
11 | 590-595 | Susthitavarman | son of Sthitavarman | Syamadevi |
12 | 595-600 | Supratisthitavarman | son of Susthitavarman | (Bachelor) |
13 | 600-650 | Bhaskaravarman | brother of Supratisthitavarman | (Bachelor) |
14 | 650-655 | Avanti Varman | (unknown) | (unknown) |
Ganga dynasty (350–1424 CE)[edit]
Other minor Ganga states[edit]
Gudari Kataka Ganga State[edit]
According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at Gudari in modern Rayagada district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.[12]
- Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)
- Svarna Bhanu
- Kalasandha Deva
- Chudanga Deva
- Harimani Deva
- Narasimha Deva
- Ananta Deva
- Padmanabha Deva
- Pitambara Deva
- Vasudeva
- Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)
Chikiti Ganga State (c. 881–1950 CE)[edit]
Historians conclude that the rulers of Chikiti were from the line of Ganga ruler Hastivarman.[13][14]
- Kesaba Rautara (or Bira Karddama Singha Rautara) (881–940)
- Balabhadra Rautara (941–997)
- Madhaba Rautara (998–1059)
- Languli Rautara (1060–1094)
- Mohana Rautara (1095–1143)
- Balarama Rautara (1144–1197)
- Biswanatha Rautara (1198–1249)
- Harisarana Rautara (1250–1272)
- Raghunatha Rautara (1273–1313)
- Dinabandhu Rautara (1314–1364)
- Gopinatha Rautara (1365–1417)
- Ramachandra Rautara (1418–1464)
- Narayana Rautara (1465–1530)
- Narasingha Rautara (1531–1583)
- Lokanatha Rautara (1584–1633)
- Jadumani Rautara (1634–1691)
- Madhusudana Rajendra Deba (1692–1736)
- Kulamani Rajendra Deba (1737–1769)
- Krusnachandra Rajendra Deba (1770–1790)
- Pitambara Rajendra Deba (1791–1819)
- Gobindachandra Rajendra Deba (1820–1831)
- Kulamani Rajendra Deba (1832–1835)
- Brundabanachandra Rajendra Deba (1835–1846)
- Jagannatha Rajendra Deba (1847–1855)
- Biswambhara Rajendra Deba (1856–1885)
- Kisorachandra Rajendra Deba (1885–1903)
- Radhamohana Rajendra Deba (1903–1923)
- Gaurachandra Rajendra Deba (1923–1934)
- Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba (1934–1950)
Parlakhemundi Ganga State (c. 1309–1950)[edit]
Parlakhemundi state rulers were the direct descendants of the Eastern Ganga dynasty rulers of Odisha.[15][16]
- Narasingha Deba (1309–1320)
- Madanrudra Deba (1320–1339)
- Narayana Rudra Deba (1339–1353)
- Ananda Rudra Deba (1353–1354)
- Ananda Rudra Deba (1354–1367)
- Jayarudra Deba (1367–1399)
- Lakhsmi Narasingha Deba (1399–1418)
- Madhukarna Gajapati (1418–1441)
- Murtunjaya Bhanu Deba (1441–1467)
- Madhaba Bhanu Deba (1467–1495)
- Chandra Betal Bhanu Deba (1495–1520)
- Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba (1520–1550)
- Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1550–1568)
- Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1568–1599)
- Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1599–1619)
- Mukunda Deo (1619–1638)
- Ananta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1638–1648)
- Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1648–1664)
- Narahari Narayan Deo (1664–1691)
- Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II (1691–1706)
- Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1706–1736)
- Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II (1736–1771)
- Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1771–1803)
- Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo (1803–1806)
- Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1806–1850)
- Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1850–1885)
- Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1885–1904)
- Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1913–1950)
- Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1950 – 25 May 1974), titular
- Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo (25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020), titular
- Kalyani Gajapati (10 January 2020–present), titular
Traikutaka dynasty (c. 370–520 CE)[edit]
The following Traikuta rulers are known from the coins and inscriptions of Gupta Empire:[17]
- Maharaja Indradatta (415–440 CE)
- Maharaja Dahrasena
- Maharaja Vyaghrasena, son of Dahrasena (480 CE)
- Maharaja Madhyamasena
- Vikramasena
Vishnukundina dynasty (c. 420–624 CE)[edit]
- Madhava Varma I (420–455)
- Indra Varma (455–461)
- Madhava Verma II (461–508)
- Vikramendra Varma I (508–528)
- Indra Bhattaraka Varma (528–580)
- Janssraya Madhava Varma IV (580–624)[18][19]
Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE)[edit]
- Bhatarka (c. 475–492)
- Dharasena I (c. 493–499)
- Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–520)
- Dhruvasena I (c. 520–550)
- Dharapatta (c. 550–556)
- Guhasena (c. 556–570)
- Dharasena II (c. 570–595)
- Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–615)
- Kharagraha I (c. 615–626)
- Dharasena III (c. 626–640)
- Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–644)
- Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–651)
- Dhruvasena III (c. 651–656)
- Kharagraha II (c. 656–662)
- Siladitya II
- Siladitya III
- Siladitya IV
- Siladitya V
- Siladitya VI
- Siladitya VII (c. 766 CE)[20]
Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE)[edit]
- Rai Diwa ji (Devaditya)
- Rai Sahiras (Shri Harsha)
- Rai Sahasi (Sinhasena)
- Rai Sahiras II, died battling the King of Nimroz
- Rai Sahasi II, the last of the line
Chalukya dynasty (c. 500–1200 CE)[edit]
Shahi Kingdom (c. 500–1026 CE)[edit]
In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two Dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties) from:
- Turk Shahi (c. 500–850 CE)
- Hindu Shahi (c. 850–1026 CE)
Turk Shahi dynasty (c. 500–850 CE)[edit]
- Nandin Rulers of Gilgit (500–552)
- Khingala of Kapisa (535–552)
- Patoladeva / Navasurendradiyta (552–575)
- Srideva / Surendra Vikrmadiyta (575–605)
- Patoladeva / Vajraditya (605–645)
- Barha Tegin (645–680)
- Tegin Sha (680–739)
- Fromo Kesar / Gesar (739–755)
Hindu Shahi dynasty (c. 850–1026 CE)[edit]
- Samantadeva Kallar / Lalliya (850–895), first ruler of dynasty
- Kamalavarmadeva / Kamaluka (895–921)
- Bhimadeva (921–964)
- Ishtthapala (ruled 8 months)
- Jayapala (964–1001)
- Anandapala (1001–1010)
- Trilochanapala (1010–22) assassinated by mutinous troops)
- Bhimapala (died in 1022–1026), last ruler of dynasty
Pushyabhuti dynasty (c. 500 – 647 CE)[edit]
- Rulers-
Ruler | Reign (CE) |
---|---|
Pushyabhuti | ~500 |
Nāravardhana | 500–525 |
Rājyavardhana I | 525–555 |
Ādityvardhana | 555–580 |
Prabhākaravardhana | 580–605 |
Rājyavardhana II | 605–606 |
Harṣavardhana | 606–647 |
Jaintia Kingdom (c. 525–1835 CE)[edit]
Old dynasty[edit]
- Urmi Rani (?-550)
- Krishak Pator (550–570)
- Hatak (570–600)
- Guhak (600–630)
Partitioned Jaintia[edit]
- Jayanta (630–660)
- Joymalla (660-?)
- Mahabal (?)
- Bancharu (?-1100)
- Kamadeva (1100–1120)
- Bhimbal (1120)
Brahmin dynasty[edit]
- Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130)
- Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150)
- Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170)
- Manik Rai (1170–1193)
- Jayanta Rai (1193–1210)
- Jayanti Devi
- Bara Gossain
New dynasty[edit]
- Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
- Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
- Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
- Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
- Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
- Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
- Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
- Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
- Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
- Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
- Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
- Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
- Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
- Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
- Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
- Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
- Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
- Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
- Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780–1785)
- Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
- Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786–1790)
- Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
- Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)[21][22]
Early Medieval Period (c. 550s CE – c. 1200s CE)[edit]
Kalachuri dynasties (c. 550 – 1225 CE)[edit]
Kalachuri dynasty of Mahishmati/Malwa (Early Kalachuris) (c. 550 – 625 CE)[edit]
The following are the known rulers of the Kalachuri dynasty of Malwa with their estimated reigns (IAST names in brackets):[23]
- Krishnaraja (Kṛṣṇarāja) (r. c. 550–575 CE)
- Shankaragana (Śaṃkaragaṇa) (r. c. 575–600 CE)
- Buddharaja (Buddharāja) (r. c. 600–625 CE)
Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri/Chedi (Later Kalachuris) (c. 675 – 1212 CE)[edit]
- Rulers-
- Vamaraja-deva (675–700 CE), founder of dynasty
- Shankaragana I (750–775 CE)
- Lakshmana-raja I (825–850 CE)
- Kokalla I (850–890 CE); his younger son established the Ratnapura Kalachuri branch
- Shankaragana II (890–910 CE), alias Mugdhatunga
- Balaharsha (910–915 CE)
- Yuvaraja-deva I (915–945 CE)
- Lakshmana-raja II (945–970 CE)
- Shankaragana III (970–980 CE)
- Yuvaraja-deva II (980–990 CE)
- Kokalla II (990–1015 CE)
- Gangeya-deva (1015–1041 CE)
- Lakshmi-karna (1041–1073 CE), alias Karna
- Yashah-karna (1073–1123 CE)
- Gaya-karna (1123–1153 CE)
- Nara-simha (1153–1163 CE)
- Jaya-simha (1163–1188 CE)
- Vijaya-simha (1188–1210 CE)
- Trailokya-malla (c. 1210– at least 1212 CE), last ruler[24]
Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura (c. 1000 – 1225 CE)[edit]
The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their reigns:[25]
- Kalinga-raja (1000–1020 CE), founder of dynasty
- Kamala-raja (1020–1045 CE)
- Ratna-raja (1045–1065 CE), alias Ratna-deva I
- Prithvi-deva I (1065–1090 CE), alias Prithvisha
- Jajalla-deva I (1090–1120 CE) (declared independence)
- Ratna-Deva II (1120–1135 CE)
- Prithvi-deva II (1135–1165 CE)
- Jajalla-deva II (1165–1168 CE)
- Jagad-deva (1168–1178 CE)
- Ratna-deva III (1178–1200 CE)
- Pratapa-malla (1200–1225 CE)
- Parmardi Dev (governor of Eastern Gangas)
Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani (Southern Kalachuris) (c. 1130 – 1184 CE)[edit]
- Rulers-
- Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162 CE
- Sovideva (1168–1176)
- Mallugi, overthrown by his brother Sankama
- Sankama (1176–1180)
- Ahavamalla (1180–83)
- Singhana (1183–84), last ruler
Patola/Gilgit Shahi dynasty (c. 550 – 750 CE)[edit]
- Somana (Mid 6th century CE)
- Vajraditayanandin (585–605 CE)
- Vikramadityanandin (605–625 CE)
- Surendravikramadityanandin (625–644 or 654 CE)
- Navasurendrāditya-nandin (644 or 654–685 CE)
- Jayamaṅgalavikramāditya-nandin (685–710 CE)
- Nandivikramadityanandin (710–715 CE)
- Su-fu-che-li-chi-li-ni (name by foreign sources) (715–720 CE)
- Surendradityanandin (720–740 or 750 CE), last known ruler
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (c. 550 – 1036 CE)[edit]
Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (Mandor) (c. 550 – 860 CE)[edit]
R. C. Majumdar, on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers (IAST names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.
- Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE), founder of dynasty
- Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE)
- Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE)
- Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE)
- Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE)
- Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE)
- Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE)
- Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE)
- Jhota (r. c. 750 CE)
- Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE)
- Kakka (r. c. 800 CE)
- Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE)
- Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE), last ruler
Imperial Pratiharas of Kannauj (c. 730 – 1036 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers–
Serial No. | Ruler | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Nagabhata I | 730–760 |
2 | Kakustha and Devaraja | 760–780 |
3 | Vatsaraja | 780–800 |
4 | Nagabhata II | 800–833 |
5 | Ramabhadra | 833–836 |
6 | Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I | 836–885 |
7 | Mahendrapala I | 885–910 |
8 | Bhoja II | 910–913 |
9 | Mahipala I | 913–944 |
10 | Mahendrapala II | 944–948 |
11 | Devapala | 948–954 |
12 | Vinayakapala | 954–955 |
13 | Mahipala II | 955–956 |
14 | Vijayapala II | 956–960 |
15 | Rajapala | 960–1018 |
16 | Trilochanapala | 1018–1027 |
17 | Yasahpala | 1024–1036 |
Other Pratihara Branches[edit]
- Baddoch Branch (c. 600 – 700 CE)
Known Baddoch rulers are-
- Rajogarh Branch
Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh
- Parmeshver Manthandev, (885–915)
- No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev
Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasties (c. 551 – 1315 CE)[edit]
- The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included–
- Chahamanas of Shakambhari (Chauhans of Ajmer) (c. 551 – 1194 CE)
- Chahamanas of Naddula (Chauhans of Nadol) (c. 950 – 1197 CE)
- Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE), branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula
- Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE), branched off from the Chahamanas of Shakambhari
- Chahamanas of Chandravati and Abu (Kingdom of Sirohi) (c. 1311 – 1949 CE)
- Chahamanas of Lata
- Chahamanas of Dholpur
- Chahamanas of Partabgarh
- Hada Chauhan kingdoms of Hadoti region are–
- Kingdom of Bundi (c. 1342 – 1949 CE)
- Kingdom of Kota (c. 1579 – 1948 CE)
- Kingdom of Jhalawar (c. 1838 – 1949 CE), branched off from the Kingdom of Kota in 1838 CE.
Chahamanas of Sambhar Ajmer and Delhi (c. 551 – 1194 CE)[edit]
Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari, Ajmer and Delhi with approximate period of reign, as estimated historian by R. B. Singh:[28]
Serial no. | Regnal names | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Chahamana | (mythical) |
2 | Vasu-deva | c. 551 CE (disputed) |
3 | Samanta-raja | 684–709 |
4 | Nara-deva | 709–721 |
5 | Ajaya-raja I | 721–734 |
6 | Vigraha-raja I | 734–759 |
7 | Chandra-raja I | 759–771 |
8 | Gopendra-raja | 771–784 |
9 | Durlabha-raja I | 784–809 |
10 | Govinda-raja I alias Guvaka I | 809–836 |
11 | Chandra-raja II | 836–863 |
12 | Govindaraja II alias Guvaka II | 863–890 |
13 | Chandana-raja | 890–917 |
14 | Vakpati-raja | 917–944 |
15 | Simha-raja | 944–971 |
16 | Vigraha-raja II | 971–998 |
17 | Durlabha-raja II | 998–1012 |
18 | Govinda-raja III | 1012–1026 |
19 | Vakpati-raja II | 1026–1040 |
20 | Viryarama | 1040 (few months) |
21 | Chamunda-raja | 1040–1065 |
22 | Durlabha-raja III alias Duśala | 1065–1070 |
23 | Vigraha-raja III alias Visala | 1070–1090 |
24 | Prithvi-raja I | 1090–1110 |
25 | Ajaya-raja II | 1110–1135 |
26 | Arno-raja alias Ana | 1135–1150 |
27 | Jagad-deva | 1150 |
28 | Vigraha-raja IV alias Visaladeva | 1150–1164 |
29 | Apara-gangeya | 1164–1165 |
30 | Prithvi-raja II | 1165–1169 |
31 | Someshvara | 1169–1178 |
32 | Prithviraja III Rai Pithora | 1177–1192 |
33 | Govinda-raja IV | 1192–1193 |
34 | Hari-raja | 1193–1194 |
Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950 – 1197 CE)[edit]
Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:
Serial no. | Kings | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Lakshmana | 950–982 |
2 | Shobhita | 982–986 |
3 | Baliraja | 986–990 |
4 | Vigrahapala | 990–994 |
5 | Mahindra | 994–1015 |
6 | Ashvapala | 1015–1019 |
7 | Ahila | 1019–1024 |
8 | Anahilla | 1024–1055 |
9 | Balaprasada | 1055–1070 |
10 | Jendraraja | 1070–1080 |
11 | Prithvipala | 1080–1090 |
12 | Jojalladeva | 1090–1110 |
13 | Asharaja | 1110–1119 |
14 | Ratnapala | 1119–1132 |
15 | Rayapala | 1132–1145 |
16 | Katukaraja | 1145–1148 |
17 | Alhanadeva | 1148–1163 |
18 | Kelhanadeva | 1163–1193 |
19 | Jayatasimha | 1193–1197 |
Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE)[edit]
The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:[29]
Virama-deva (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 21⁄2 days later.[30][31]
Serial no. | Kings | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Kirti-pala | 1160–1182 |
2 | Samara-simha | 1182–1204 |
3 | Udaya-simha | 1204–1257 |
4 | Chachiga-deva | 1257–1282 |
5 | Samanta-simha | 1282–1305 |
6 | Kanhada-deva | 1292–1311 |
7 | Virama-deva | 1311 |
Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE)[edit]
Serial no. | Kings | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Govinda-raja | 1192 |
2 | Balhana-deva | |
3 | Prahlada-deva | |
4 | Viranarayana | |
5 | Vagabhata | |
6 | Jaitra-simha | |
7 | Shakti-deva | |
8 | Hammira-deva | 1283–1311 |
Kingdom of Mewar (c. 566 – 1947 CE)[edit]
In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in present-day Rajasthan:
- Guhilas of Nagda-Ahar– most important branch and future ruling dynasty of Mewar.
- Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern Kalyanpur)
- Guhilas of Dhavagarta (modern Dhor)
Guhila dynasty (c. 566 – 1303 CE)[edit]
Nu. | King (Rawal) | Reign (CE) | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rawal Guhil | 566–586 | |
2 | Rawal Bhoj | 586–606 | |
3 | Rawal Mahendra I | 606–626 | |
4 | Rawal Naga (Nagaditya) | 626–646 | |
5 | Rawal Shiladitya | 646–661 | |
6 | Rawal Aprajeet | 661–688 | |
7 | Rawal Mahendra II | 688–716 | |
8 | Bappa Rawal | 728–753 | |
9 | Rawal Khuman I | 753–773 | |
10 | Rawal Mattat | 773–793 | |
11 | Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I | 793–813 | |
12 | Rawal Sinh | 813–828 | |
13 | Rawal Khuman II | 828–853 | |
14 | Rawal Mahayak | 853–878 | |
15 | Rawal Khuman III | 878–926 | |
16 | Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II | 926–951 | |
17 | Rawal Allat | 951–971 | |
18 | Rawal Narwahan | 971–973 | |
19 | Rawal Saliwahan | 973–977 | |
20 | Rawal Shakti Kumar | 977–993 | |
21 | Rawal Amba Prasad | 993–1007 | |
22 | Rawal Shuchivarma | 1007–1021 | |
23 | Rawal Narvarma | 1021–1035 | |
24 | Rawal Keertivarma | 1035–1051 | |
25 | Rawal Yograj | 1051–1068 | |
26 | Rawal Vairath | 1068–1088 | |
27 | Rawal Hanspal | 1088–1103 | |
28 | Rawal Vair Singh | 1103–1107 | |
29 | Rawal Vijai Singh | 1107–1116 | |
30 | Rawal Ari Singh I | 1116–1138 | |
31 | Rawal Chaudh Singh | 1138–1148 | |
32 | Rawal Vikram Singh | 1148–1158 | |
33 | Rawal Ran Singh | 1158–1168 | |
Post-split Rawal branch rulers | |||
34 | Rawal Khshem Singh | 1168–1172 | |
35 | Rawal Samant Singh | 1172–1179 | |
36 | Rawal Kumar Singh | 1179–1191 | |
37 | Rawal Mathan Singh | 1191–1211 | |
38 | Rawal Padam Singh | 1211–1213 | |
39 | Rawal Jaitra Singh | 1213–1252 | |
40 | Rawal Tej Singh | 1252–1273 | |
41 | Rawal Samar Singh | 1273–1302 | |
42 | Rawal Ratan Singh | 1302–1303 |
Branching of Guhil dynasty[edit]
During reign of Rawal Ran Singh (1158–1168), the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.
- First (Rawal Branch)
Rawal Khshem Singh (1168–1172), son of Ran Singh, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.
- Second (Rana Branch)
Rahapa, the second son of Ran Singh started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases. Later Hammir Singh of Sisoda base started main Sisodia or Mewar dynasty in 1326 CE.
Rana branch rulers (c. 1168 – 1326 CE)[edit]
"Rahapa", a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:
Nu. | King (Rana) | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Rahapa/Karna | 1168 CE |
2 | Narapati | |
3 | Dinakara | |
4 | Jasakarna | |
5 | Nagapala | |
6 | Karnapala | |
7 | Bhuvanasimha | |
8 | Bhimasimha | |
9 | Jayasimha | |
10 | Lakhanasimha | |
11 | Arisimha | |
12 | Hammir Singh | 1326 CE |
Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326 – 1947 CE)[edit]
Picture | King (Maharana) | Reign | |
---|---|---|---|
Hammir Singh | 1326–1364 | ||
Kshetra Singh | 1364–1382 | ||
Lakha Singh | 1382–1421 | ||
Mokal Singh | 1421–1433 | ||
Rana Kumbha | 1433–1468 | ||
Udai Singh I | 1468–1473 | ||
Rana Raimal | 1473–1508 | ||
Rana Sanga | 1508–1527 | ||
Ratan Singh II | 1528–1531 | ||
Vikramaditya Singh | 1531–1536 | ||
Vanvir Singh | 1536–1540 | ||
Udai Singh II | 1540–1572 | ||
Maharana Pratap | 1572–1597 | ||
Amar Singh I | 1597–1620 | ||
Karan Singh II | 1620–1628 | ||
Jagat Singh I | 1628–1652 | ||
Raj Singh I | 1652–1680 | ||
Jai Singh | 1680–1698 | ||
Amar Singh II | 1698–1710 | ||
Sangram Singh II | 1710–173 | ||
Jagat Singh II | 1734–1751 | ||
Pratap Singh II | 1751–1754 | ||
Raj Singh II | 1754–1762 | ||
Ari Singh II | 1762–1772 | ||
Hamir Singh II | 1772–1778 | ||
Bhim Singh | 1778–1828 | ||
Jawan Singh | 1828–1838 | ||
Sardar Singh | 1838–1842 | ||
Swarup Singh | 1842–1861 | ||
Shambhu Singh | 1861–1874 | ||
Sajjan Singh | 1874–1884 | ||
Fateh Singh | 1884–1930 | ||
Bhupal Singh | 1930–1948 1948-1955 (titular) | ||
Titular Maharanas | |||
Bhagwat Singh | 1955–1984 | ||
Mahendra Singh | 1984–present |
Gauda Kingdom (c. 590 – 626 CE)[edit]
- Shashanka (590–625 CE), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal
- Manava (625–626 CE), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardhana and Bhaskarvarman
Karkota dynasty of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)[edit]
- Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)
- Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)
- Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)
- Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)
- Lalitaditya Muktapida (724–760), (built the famous Martand Sun Temple in Kashmir)
- Kuvalayaditya (760–761)
- Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)
- Prithivyapida I (768–772)
- Sangramapida (772–779)
- Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)
- Lalitapida (813–825)
- Sangramapida II (825–832)
- Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)
- Other puppet rulers under Utpala dynasty are
- Ajitapida
- Anangapida
- Utpalapida
- Sukhavarma
Chacha dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)[edit]
The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:[32]
- Under the Umayyad Caliphate
- Dahirsiya (679–709 CE) from Brahmanabad
- Hullishāh (712–724 CE)
- Shishah (until 724 CE)
Mlechchha dynasty of Kamarupa (650–900 CE)[edit]
- Salastamba (650–670), founder of dynasty
- Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
- Palaka
- Kumara
- Vajradeva
- Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745)
- Balavarman II
- Jivaraja
- Digleswaravarman
- Salambha[33]
- Harjjaravarman (815–832)
- Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855)
- Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860)
- Balavarman III (860–880)
- Tyagasimha (890–900), last ruler of dynasty
Garhwal Kingdom (c. 688–1949 CE)[edit]
Mola Ram the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the historical work Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.[34][35]
No. | Name | Reign | Years Reigned | No. | Name | Reign | Years Reigned | No. | Name | Reign | Years Reigned |
1 | Kanak Pal | 688–699 | 11 | 21 | Vikram Pal | 1116–1131 | 15 | 41 | Vijay Pal | 1426–1437 | 11 |
2 | Shyam Pal | 699–725 | 26 | 22 | Vichitra Pal | 1131–1140 | 9 | 42 | Sahaj Pal | 1437–1473 | 36 |
3 | Pandu Pal | 725–756 | 31 | 23 | Hans Pal | 1141–1152 | 11 | 43 | Bahadur Shah | 1473–1498 | 25 |
4 | Abhijat Pal | 756–780 | 24 | 24 | Som Pal | 1152–1159 | 7 | 44 | Man Shah | 1498–1518 | 20 |
5 | Saugat Pal | 781–800 | 19 | 25 | Kadil Pal | 1159–1164 | 5 | 45 | Shyam Shah | 1518–1527 | 9 |
6 | Ratna Pal | 800–849 | 49 | 26 | Kamadev Pal | 1172–1179 | 7 | 46 | Mahipat Shah | 1527–1552 | 25 |
7 | Shali Pal | 850–857 | 7 | 27 | Sulakshan Dev | 1179–1197 | 18 | 47 | Prithvi Shah | 1552–1614 | 62 |
8 | Vidhi Pal | 858–877 | 19 | 28 | Lakhan Dev | 1197–1220 | 23 | 48 | Medini Shah | 1614–1660 | 46 |
9 | Madan Pal | 877–894 | 17 | 29 | Anand Pal II | 1220–1241 | 21 | 49 | Fateh Shah | 1660–1708 | 48 |
10 | Bhakti Pal | 895–919 | 24 | 30 | Purva Dev | 1241–1260 | 19 | 50 | Upendra Shah | 1708–1709 | 1 |
11 | Jayachand Pal | 920–948 | 28 | 31 | Abhay Dev | 1260–1267 | 7 | 51 | Pradip Shah | 1709–1772 | 63 |
12 | Prithvi Pal | 949–971 | 22 | 32 | Jayaram Dev | 1267–1290 | 23 | 52 | Lalit Shah | 1772–1780 | 8 |
13 | Medinisen Pal | 972–995 | 23 | 33 | Asal Dev | 1290–1299 | 9 | 53 | Jayakrit Shah | 1780–1786 | 6 |
14 | Agasti Pal | 995–1014 | 19 | 34 | Jagat Pal | 1299–1311 | 12 | 54 | Pradyumna Shah | 1786–1804 | 18 |
15 | Surati Pal | 1015–1036 | 21 | 35 | Jit Pal | 1311–1330 | 19 | 55 | Sudarshan Shah | 1804–1859 | 55 |
16 | Jay Pal | 1037–1055 | 18 | 36 | Anant Pal II | 1330–1358 | 28 | 56 | Bhawani Shah | 1859–1871 | 12 |
17 | Anant Pal I | 1056–1072 | 16 | 37 | Ajay Pal | 1358–1389 | 31 | 57 | Pratap Shah | 1871–1886 | 15 |
18 | Anand Pal I | 1072–1083 | 11 | 38 | Kalyan Shah | 1389–1398 | 9 | 58 | Kirti Shah | 1886–1913 | 27 |
19 | Vibhog Pal | 1084–1101 | 17 | 39 | Sundar Pal | 1398–1413 | 15 | 59 | Narendra Shah | 1913–1946 | 33 |
20 | Suvayanu Pal | 1102–1115 | 13 | 40 | Hansadev Pal | 1413–1426 | 13 | 60 | Manabendra Shah | 1946–1949 | 3 |
Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)[edit]
Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal.[36] (also known as Mallabhoom),[37]
Name of the king[38][39] | Reign |
---|---|
Adi Malla | 694–710 |
Jay Malla | 710–720 |
Benu Malla | 720–733 |
Kinu Malla | 733–742 |
Indra Malla | 742–757 |
Kanu Malla | 757–764 |
Dha (Jhau) Malla | 764–775 |
Shur Malla | 775–795 |
Kanak Malla | 795–807 |
Kandarpa Malla | 807–828 |
Sanatan Malla | 828–841 |
Kharga Malla | 841–862 |
Durjan (Durjay) Malla | 862–906 |
Yadav Malla | 906–919 |
Jagannath Malla | 919–931 |
Birat Malla | 931–946 |
Mahadev Malla | 946–977 |
Durgadas Malla | 977–994 |
Jagat Malla | 994–1007 |
Ananta Malla | 1007–1015 |
Rup Malla | 1015–1029 |
Sundar Malla | 1029–1053 |
Kumud Malla | 1053–1074 |
Krishna Malla | 1074–1084 |
Rup II (Jhap) Malla | 1084–1097 |
Prakash Malla | 1097–1102 |
Pratap Malla | 1102–1113 |
Sindur Malla | 1113–1129 |
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla | 1129–1142 |
Banamali Malla | 1142–1156 |
Yadu/Jadu Malla | 1156–1167 |
Jiban Malla | 1167–1185 |
Ram Malla | 1185–1209 |
Gobinda Malla | 1209–1240 |
Bhim Malla | 1240–1263 |
Katar(Khattar) Malla | 1263–1295 |
Prithwi Malla | 1295 -1319 |
Tapa Malla | 1319–1334 |
Dinabandhu Malla | 1334–1345 |
Kinu/Kanu II Malla | 1345–1358 |
Shur Malla II | 1358–1370 |
Shiv Singh Malla | 1370–1407 |
Madan Malla | 1407–1420 |
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla | 1420–1437 |
Uday Malla | 1437–1460 |
Chandra Malla | 1460–1501 |
Bir Malla | 1501–1554 |
Dhari Malla | 1554–1565 |
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir) | 1565–1620 |
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev | 1620–1626 |
Raghunath Singha Dev | 1626–1656 |
Bir Singha Dev | 1656–1682 |
Durjan Singha Dev | 1682–1702 |
Raghunath Singha Dev II | 1702–1712 |
Gopal Singha Dev | 1712–1748 |
Chaitanya Singha Dev | 1748–1801 |
Madhav Singha Dev | 1801–1809 |
Gopal Singha Dev II | 1809–1876 |
Ramkrishna Singha Dev | 1876–1885 |
Dwhaja Moni Devi | 1885–1889 |
Nilmoni Singha Dev | 1889–1903 |
Churamoni Devi (Regency) | 1903–1930 |
Kalipada Singha Thakur | 1930–1947 |
Chand Kingdom of Kumaon (700–1790 CE)[edit]
Badri Datt Pandey, in his book Kumaun Ka Itihaas lists the Chand kings as following:
King | Reign |
---|---|
Som Chand | 700–721 |
Atm Chand | 721–740 |
Purn Chand | 740–758 |
Indra Chand | 758–778 |
Sansar Chand | 778–813 |
Sudha Chand | 813–833 |
Hamir Chand | 833–856 |
Vina Chand | 856–869 |
Vir Chand | 1065–1080 |
Rup Chand | 1080–1093 |
Laxmi Chand | 1093–1113 |
Dharm Chand | 1113–1121 |
Karm Chand | 1121–1140 |
Ballal Chand | 1140–1149 |
Nami Chand | 1149–1170 |
Nar Chand | 1170–1177 |
Nanaki Chand | 1177–1195 |
Ram Chand | 1195–1205 |
Bhishm Chand | 1205–1226 |
Megh Chand | 1226–1233 |
Dhyan Chand | 1233–1251 |
Parvat Chand | 1251–1261 |
Thor Chand | 1261–1275 |
Kalyan Chand II | 1275–1296 |
Trilok Chand | 1296–1303 |
Damaru Chand | 1303–1321 |
Dharm Chand | 1321–1344 |
Abhay Chand | 1344–1374 |
Garur Gyan Chand | 1374–1419 |
Harihar Chand | 1419–1420 |
Udyan Chand | 1420–1421 |
Atma Chand II | 1421–1422 |
Hari Chand II | 1422–1423 |
Vikram Chand | 1423–1437 |
Bharati Chand | 1437–1450 |
Ratna Chand | 1450–1488 |
Kirti Chand | 1488–1503 |
Pratap Chand | 1503–1517 |
Tara Chand | 1517–1533 |
Manik Chand | 1533–1542 |
Kalyan Chand III | 1542–1551 |
Purna Chand | 1551–1555 |
Bhishm Chand | 1555–1560 |
Balo Kalyan Chand | 1560–1568 |
Rudra Chand | 1568–1597 |
Laxmi Chand | 1597–1621 |
Dilip Chand | 1621–1624 |
Vijay Chand | 1624–1625 |
Trimal Chand | 1625–1638 |
Baz Bahadur Chand | 1638–1678 |
Udyot Chand | 1678–1698 |
Gyan Chand | 1698–1708 |
Jagat Chand | 1708–1720 |
Devi Chand | 1720–1726 |
Ajit Chand | 1726–1729 |
Kalyan Chand V | 1729–1747 |
Deep Chand | 1747–1777 |
Mohan Chand | 1777–1779]] |
Pradyumn Chand | 1779–1786 |
Mohan Chand | 1786–1788 |
Shiv Chand | 1788 |
Mahendra Chand | 1788–1790 |
Karttikeyapur (Katyur) Kingdom (700–1065 CE)[edit]
The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King[40]
- List–
- Vasu Dev (700–849 CE)
- Basantana Dev (850–870 CE)
- Kharpar Dev (870–880 CE)
- Abhiraj Dev (880–890 CE)
- Tribhuvanraj Dev (890–900 CE)
- Nimbarta Dev (900–915 CE)
- Istanga (915–930 CE)
- Lalitasura Dev (930–955 CE)
- Bhu Dev (955–970 CE)
- Salonaditya (970–985 CE)
- Ichchhata Dev (985–1000 CE)
- Deshat Dev (1000–1015 CE)
- Padmata Dev (1015–1045 CE)
- Subhiksharaja Dev (1045–1060 CE)
- Dham Dev (1060–1064 CE)
- Bir Dev (Very short period until 1065 CE)
Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)[edit]
- Yashovarman (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty
- Āma
- Dunduka
- Bhoja (ruled until 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty.[41]
Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta (c. 735–982 CE)[edit]
- Dantidurga (735–756 CE), founder of dynasty
- Krishna I (756–774 CE)
- Govinda II (774–780 CE)
- Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793 CE)
- Govinda III (793–814 CE)
- Amoghavarsha I (814–878 CE), he was the founded of Manyakheta city, which became the capital of the dynasty.[42]
- Krishna II (878–914 CE)
- Indra III (914–929 CE)
- Amoghavarsha II (929–932 CE)
- Govinda IV (930–935 CE)
- Amoghavarsha III (934–939 CE)
- Krishna III (939–967 CE)
- Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972 CE)
- Karka II or Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973 CE)
- Indra IV (973–982 CE), was the only a claimer for the lost throne.
Tomar dynasty of Delhi (c. 736–1151 CE)[edit]
Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:[43]
- Khadag Rai's history of Gwalior (Gopācala ākhyāna) names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi Pala (who is probably the Chahamana king Prithviraja III). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king Vikramaditya. It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
- The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 Vikram Samvat).
- Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari (Bikaner manuscript, edited by Syed Ahmad Khan) names 19 Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It might be possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl was Gupta era, which starts from 318 to 319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this era to be Vikrama Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated to 747 CE (429+318), which is better aligned with the other sources.
As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.[44]
# | Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript | Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai | Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript | Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript) | Length of reign | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Years | Months | Days | |||||
1 | Ananga Pāla | Bilan Dev | 736 | 18 | 0 | 0 | |
2 | Vasu Deva | 754 | 19 | 1 | 18 | ||
3 | Gangya | Ganggeva | 773 | 21 | 3 | 28 | |
4 | Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla) | Prathama | Mahi Pāla | 794 | 19 | 6 | 19 |
5 | Jaya Deva | Saha Deva | Jadu Pāla | 814 | 20 | 7 | 28 |
6 | Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla | Indrajita (I) | Nai Pāla | 834 | 14 | 4 | 9 |
7 | Udiraj (or Adereh) | Nara Pāla | Jaya Deva Pāla | 849 | 26 | 7 | 11 |
8 | Vijaya (or Vacha) | Indrajita (II) | Chamra Pāla | 875 | 21 | 2 | 13 |
9 | Biksha (or Anek) | Vacha Raja | Bibasa Pāla | 897 | 22 | 3 | 16 |
10 | Rīksha Pāla | Vira Pāla | Sukla Pāla | 919 | 21 | 6 | 5 |
11 | Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla) | Go-Pāla | Teja Pāla | 940 | 20 | 4 | 4 |
12 | Go-Pāla | Tillan Dev | Mahi Pāla | 961 | 18 | 3 | 15 |
13 | Sallakshana Pāla | Suvari | Sursen | 979 | 25 | 10 | 10 |
14 | Jaya Pāla | Osa Pāla | Jaik Pāla | 1005 | 16 | 4 | 3 |
15 | Kunwar Pāla | Kumara Pāla | 1021 | 29 | 9 | 18 | |
16 | Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla) | Ananga Pāla | Anek Pāla | 1051 | 29 | 6 | 18 |
17 | Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah) | Teja Pāla | Teja Pāla | 1081 | 24 | 1 | 6 |
18 | Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal) | Mahi Pāla | Jyūn Pāla | 1105 | 25 | 2 | 23 |
19 | Akr Pāla (or Akhsal) | Mukund Pāla | Ane Pāla | 1130 | 21 | 2 | 15 |
Prithivi Raja (Chahamana) | Prithvi Pala | 1151 |
Another resource tells that the son of King Mukundpal Tomar, King Prithvipal Tomar had a son named King Govind Raj Tomar ruled for 1189 to 1192 .
Pala dynasty of Bengal (c. 750 – 1174 CE)[edit]
Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.[47] Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:[48]
RC Majumdar (1971)[49] | AM Chowdhury (1967)[50] | BP Sinha (1977)[51][failed verification] | DC Sircar (1975–76)[52] | D. K. Ganguly (1994)[47] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gopala I | 750–770 | 756–781 | 755–783 | 750–775 | 750–774 |
Dharmapala | 770–810 | 781–821 | 783–820 | 775–812 | 774–806 |
Devapala | 810–c. 850 | 821–861 | 820–860 | 812–850 | 806–845 |
Mahendrapala | NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.) | 845–860 | |||
Shurapala I | Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I | 850–858 | 860–872 | ||
Gopala II | NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.) | ||||
Vigrahapala I | 850–853 | 861–866 | 860–865 | 858–60 | 872–873 |
Narayanapala | 854–908 | 866–920 | 865–920 | 860–917 | 873–927 |
Rajyapala | 908–940 | 920–952 | 920–952 | 917–952 | 927–959 |
Gopala III | 940–957 | 952–969 | 952–967 | 952–972 | 959–976 |
Vigrahapala II | 960–c. 986 | 969–995 | 967–980 | 972–977 | 976–977 |
Mahipala I | 988–c. 1036 | 995–1043 | 980–1035 | 977–1027 | 977–1027 |
Nayapala | 1038–1053 | 1043–1058 | 1035–1050 | 1027–1043 | 1027–1043 |
Vigrahapala III | 1054–1072 | 1058–1075 | 1050–1076 | 1043–1070 | 1043–1070 |
Mahipala II | 1072–1075 | 1075–1080 | 1076–1078/9 | 1070–1071 | 1070–1071 |
Shurapala II | 1075–1077 | 1080–1082 | 1071–1072 | 1071–1072 | |
Ramapala | 1077–1130 | 1082–1124 | 1078/9–1132 | 1072–1126 | 1072–1126 |
Kumarapala | 1130–1140 | 1124–1129 | 1132–1136 | 1126–1128 | 1126–1128 |
Gopala IV | 1140–1144 | 1129–1143 | 1136–1144 | 1128–1143 | 1128–1143 |
Madanapala | 1144–1162 | 1143–1162 | 1144–1161/62 | 1143–1161 | 1143–1161 |
Govindapala | 1158–1162 | NA | 1162–1176 or 1158–1162 | 1161–1165 | 1161–1165 |
Palapala | NA | NA | NA | 1165–1199 | 1165–1200 |
Note:[48]
- Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
- AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty.
- According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of dates are possible.
Shilahara dynasty (765–1265 CE)[edit]
Shilahara Kingdom was split into three branches:
- First branch ruled North Konkan
- Second branch ruled South Konkan (between 765 and 1029 CE)
- Third branch ruled in modern districts of Kolhapur, Satara and Belgaum (between 940 and 1215 CE) after which they were overwhelmed by the Yadavas.[53]
South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers–
- Sanaphulla (765–795 CE)
- Dhammayira (795–820 CE)
- Aiyaparaja (820–845 CE)
- Avasara I (845–870 CE)
- Adityavarma (870–895 CE)
- Avasara II (895–920 CE)
- Indraraja (920–945 CE)
- Bhima (945–970 CE)
- Avasara III (970–995 CE)
- Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)
North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers–
- Kapardin I (800–825 CE)
- Pullashakti (825–850 CE)
- Kapardin II (850–880 CE)
- Vappuvanna (880–910 CE)
- Jhanjha (910–930 CE)
- Goggiraja (930–945 CE)
- Vajjada I (945–965 CE)
- Chhadvaideva (965–975 CE)
- Aparajita (975–1010 CE)
- Vajjada II (1010–1015 CE)
- Arikesarin (1015–1022 CE)
- Chhittaraja (1022–1035 CE)
- Nagarjuna (1035–1045 CE)
- Mummuniraja (1045–1070 CE)
- Ananta Deva I (1070–1127 CE)
- Aparaditya I (1127–1148 CE)
- Haripaladeva (1148–1155 CE)
- Mallikarjuna (1155–1170 CE)
- Aparaditya II ( 1170–1197 CE)
- Ananta Deva II (1198–1200 CE)
- Keshideva II (1200–1245 CE)
- Ananta Deva III (1245–1255 CE)
- Someshvara (1255–1265 CE), last ruler of dynasty
Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers–
- Jatiga I (940–960 CE)
- Naivarman (960–980 CE)
- Chandra (980–1000 CE)
- Jatiga II (1000–1020 CE)
- Gonka (1020–1050 CE)
- Guhala I (1050 CE)
- Kirtiraja (1050 CE)
- Chandraditya (1050 CE)
- Marsimha (1050–1075 CE)
- Guhala II (1075–1085 CE)
- Bhoja I (1085–1100 CE)
- Ballala (1100–1108 CE)
- Gonka II (1108 CE)
- Gandaraditya I (1108–1138 CE)
- Vijayaditya I (1138–1175 CE)
- Bhoja II (1175–1212 CE)
Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)[edit]
Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)[edit]
The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a dynasty in Central India. They ruled much of the Bundelkhand region (then called Jejakabhukti) between the 9th and the 13th centuries.
Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti (IAST names in brackets):[56][57]
- Nannuka, (c. 831-845 CE)
- Vakpati (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)
- Jayashakti (Jayaśakti) and Vijayashakti (Vijayaśakti), (c. 865-885 CE)
- Rahila (Rāhila), (c. 885-905 CE)
- Shri Harsha (Śri Harśa), (c. 905-925 CE)
- Yasho-Varman (Yaśovarman), (c. 925-950 CE)
- Dhanga-Deva (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)
- Ganda-Deva (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)
- Vidyadhara (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)
- Vijaya-Pala (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)
- Deva-Varman, (c. 1050-1060 CE)
- Kirtti-Varman (Kīrtivarman), (c. 1060-1100 CE)
- Sallakshana-Varman (Sallakṣaṇavarman), (c. 1100-1110 CE)
- Jaya-Varman, (c. 1110-1120 CE)
- Prithvi-Varman (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)
- Madana-Varman, (c. 1128-1165 CE)
- Yasho-Varman II (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short time
- Paramardi-Deva, (c. 1165-1203 CE)
- Trailokya-Varman, (c. 1203-1245 CE)
- Vira-Varman (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)
- Bhoja-Varman, (c. 1285-1288 CE)
- Hammira-Varman (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)
- Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by only one 1315 CE inscription)[58]
Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)[edit]
- Dridhaprahara
- Seunachandra (850–874)
- Dhadiyappa (874–900)
- Bhillama I (900–925)
- Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
- Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
- Bhillama II (975–1005)
- Vesugi I (1005–1020)
- Bhillama III (1020–1055)
- Vesugi II (1055–1068)
- Bhillama III (1068)
- Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
- Airamadeva (1085–1115)
- Singhana I (1115–1145)
- Mallugi I (1145–1150)
- Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
- Govindaraja (1160)
- Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
- Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
- Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
- Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
- Singhana II (1200–1247)
- Kannara (1247–1261)
- Mahadeva (1261–1271)
- Amana (1271)
- Ramachandra (1271–1312)
- Singhana III (1312–1313)
- Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
- Mallugi III (1318–1334)
Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 9th century to 1305 CE)[edit]
According to historical 'Kailash Chand Jain', "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources."[59] The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:
Serial No. | Ruler | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | King Paramar | (Legendary) |
2 | Upendra Krishnraja | early 9th century |
3 | Vairisimha (I) | early 9th century |
4 | Siyaka (I) | mid of 9th century |
5 | Vakpatiraj (I) | late 9th to early 10th century |
6 | Vairisimha (II) | mid of 10th century |
7 | Siyaka (II) | 940–972 |
8 | Vakpatiraj (II) alias Munja | 972–990 |
9 | Sindhuraja | 990–1010 |
10 | Bhoja | 1010–1055 |
11 | JayasimhaI | 1055–1070 |
12 | Udayaditya | 1070–1086 |
13 | Lakshmadeva | 1086–1094 |
14 | Naravarman | 1094–1133 |
15 | Yashovarman | 1133–1142 |
16 | Jayavarman I | 1142–1143 |
17 | Interregnum from (1143 to 1175 CE) under an usurper named 'Ballala' and later the Solanki king Kumarapala | 1143–1175 |
18 | Vindhyavarman | 1175–1194 |
19 | Subhatavarman | 1194–1209 |
20 | Arjunavarman I | 1210–1215 |
21 | Devapala | 1215/1218–1239 |
22 | Jaitugideva | 1239–1255 |
23 | Jayavarman II | 1255–1274 |
24 | Arjunavarman II | 1274–1285 |
25 | Bhoja II | 1285–1301 |
26 | Mahalakadeva | 1301–1305 |
After death of Mahalakadeva in 1305 CE, Paramara dynasty rule was ended in Malwa region, but not in other Parmar states.
Utpala dynasty of Kashmir (c. 855 – 1009 CE)[edit]
Ruler | Reign |
---|---|
Avantivarman | 853/855 – 883 CE |
Shankaravarman | 883 – 902 CE |
Gopalavarman | 902 – 904 CE |
Sankata | 904 CE |
Sugandha | 904 – 906 CE |
Partha | 906 – 921 CE |
Nirjitavarman | 921 – 922 CE |
Chakravarman | 922 – 933 CE |
Shuravarman I | 933 – 934 CE |
Partha (2nd reign) | 934 – 935 CE |
Chakravarman (2nd reign) | 935 CE |
Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) | 935 – 936 CE |
Chakravarman (3rd reign) | 936 – 937 CE |
Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti") | 937 – 939 CE |
Shuravarman II | 939 CE |
Yashaskara-deva | 939 CE |
Varnata | 948 CE |
Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) | 948 CE |
Parvagupta | 948 – 950 CE |
Kshemagupta | 950 – 958 CE |
Abhimanyu II | 958 – 972 CE |
Nandigupta | 972 – 973 CE |
Tribhuvanagupta | 973 – 975 CE |
Bhimagupta | 975 – 980 CE |
Didda | 980 to 1009/1012 CE |
Didda (c. 980 – 1003 CE) placed Samgrāmarāja, son of her brother on the throne, who became founder of the Lohara dynasty.
Somavamshi dynasty (c. 882 – 1110 CE)[edit]
Historian Krishna Chandra Panigrahi provides the following chronology of the later Somavamshis:[60]
Name (IAST) | Regnal name (IAST) | Reign |
---|---|---|
Janmejaya I | Mahābhavagupta I | c. 882–922 |
Yayāti I | Mahāśivagupta I (Mahashivagupta) | c. 922–955 |
Bhīmaratha | Mahābhavagupta II | c. 955–980 |
Dharmaratha | Mahāśivagupta II | c. 980–1005 |
Nahuṣa (Nahusha) | Mahābhavagupta III | c. 1005–1021 |
Yayāti II | Candihara (Chandihara) Mahāśivagupta III | c. 1025–1040 |
Uddyotakeśarī (Uddyotakeshari) | Mahābhavagupta IV | c. 1040–1065 |
Janmejaya II | Mahāśivagupta IV | c. 1065–1085 |
Purañjaya | Mahābhavagupta V | c. 1085–1110 |
Karṇadeva | Mahāśivagupta V | c. 1100–1110 |
Pala dynasty of Kamarupa (c. 900 – 1100 CE)[edit]
S.nu | King | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Brahma Pala | 900–920 |
2 | Ratna Pala | 920–960 |
3 | Indra Pala | 960–990 |
4 | Go Pala aka Gopalavarman | 990–1015 |
5 | Harsha Pala | 1015–1035 |
6 | Dharma Pala | 1035–1060 |
7 | Jaya Pala | 1075–1100 |
Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (c. 910 – 1220 CE)[edit]
The following is a list of Paramara rulers of Chandravati, with approximate regnal years, as estimated by epigraphist H. V. Trivedi.[61][62] The rulers are sons of their predecessors unless noted otherwise:
Regional Name | IAST Name | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
Utpala-raja | Utpalarāja | c. 910–930 |
Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja | Arṇṇorāja, or Araṇyarāja | c. 930–950 |
Krishna-raja | Kṛṣṇarāja | c. 950–979 |
Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha | Dhāravarāha or Dharaṇīvarāha | c. 970–990 |
Dhurbhata | Dhūrbhaṭa | c. 990–1000 |
Mahi-pala | Mahīpāla | c. 1000–1020 |
Dhandhuka | Dhaṃdhuka | c. 1020–1040 |
Punya-pala or Purna-pala | Puṇyapāla or Pūrṇapāla | c. 1040–1050 |
Danti-varmman | Daṃtivarmman | c. 1050–1060 |
Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II | Kṛṣṇadeva, or Kṛṣṇarāja II | c. 1060–1090 |
Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva | Kakkaladeva, or Kākaladeva | c. 1090–1115 |
Vikrama-simha | Vikramāsiṃha | c. 1115–1145 |
Yasho-dhavala | Yaśodhavala | c. 1145–1160 |
Rana-simha | Raṇāsiṃha | ? |
Dhara-varsha | Dhāravarṣa | c. 1160–1220 |
Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930 – 1842 CE)[edit]
Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930 – 1460 CE)[edit]
- Known Maryul rulers are-
- Lhachen Palgyigon (c. 930 CE)
- Lhachen Utpala (c. 1110 CE)
Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460 – 1842 CE)[edit]
The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:[63][64][65]
- Lhachen Bhagan (c. 1460–1485)
- Unknown ruler (c. 1485–1510)
- Lata Jughdan (c. 1510–1535)
- Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535–1555)
- Tashi Namgyal (c. 1555–1575)
- Tsewang Namgyal I (c. 1575–1595)
- Namgyal Gonpo (c.1595–1600)
- Jamyang Namgyal (c. 1595–1616)
- Sengge Namgyal (first rule, c. 1616–1623)
- Norbu Namgyal (c. 1623–1624)
- Sengge Namgyal (second rule, c. 1624–1642)
- Deldan Namgyal (c. 1642–1694)
- Delek Namgyal (c. 1680–1691)
- Nyima Namgyal (c. 1694–1729)
- Deskyong Namgyal (c. 1729–1739)
- Phuntsog Namgyal (c. 1739–1753)
- Tsewang Namgyal II (c. 1753–1782)
- Tseten Namgyal (c. 1782–1802)
- Tsepal Dondup Namgyal (c. 1802–1837, 1839–1840)
- Kunga Namgyal II (c. 1840–1842)
- Later Ladakh was conquered by Sikh Empire in 1842 CE.
Solanki dynasty (Chaulukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)[edit]
The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:[66][67]
- Mularaja (c. 940 – c. 995)
- Chamundaraja (c. 996 – c. 1008)
- Vallabharaja (c. 1008)
- Durlabharaja (c. 1008 – c. 1022)
- Bhima I (c. 1022 – c. 1064)
- Karna (c. 1064 – c. 1092)
- Jayasimha Siddharaja (c. 1092 – c. 1142)
- Kumarapala (c. 1142 – c. 1171)
- Ajayapala (c. 1171 – c. 1175)
- Mularaja II (c. 1175 – c. 1178)
- Bhima II (c. 1178 – c. 1240)
- Tribhuvanapala (c. 1240 – c. 1244)
Kachchhapaghata dynasty (c. 950–1150 CE)[edit]
Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch[edit]
- Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975), first ruler of dynasty
- Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
- Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
- Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
- Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
- Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
- Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
- Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
- Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
- Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
- Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)
Dubkund (Dobha) branch[edit]
- Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
- Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
- Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
- Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
- Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)
Nalapura (Narwar) branch[edit]
- Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
- Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
- Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
- Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150), last ruler of dynasty[68][69]
Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)[edit]
Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom and established the Kachwaha dynasty,[70] which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.
Rulers[edit]
- 27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 Sorha Dev (d. 1006)[71]
- 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 Dulha Rao (d. 1036)[71]
- 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 Kakil (d. 1039)[71]
- 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 Hanu (d. 1053)[71]
- 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 Janddeo (d. 1070)[71]
- 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 Pajjun Rai (d. 1094)[71]
- 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 Malayasi (d. 1146)[71]
- 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 Vijaldeo (d. 1179)[71]
- 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 Rajdeo (d. 1216)[71]
- 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 Kilhan (d. 1276)[71]
- 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 Kuntal (d. 1317)[71]
- 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 Jonsi (d. 1366)[71]
- 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 Udaikarn (d. 1388)[71]
- 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 Narsingh (d. 1428)[71]
- 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 Banbir (d. 1439)[71]
- 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 Udharn (d. 1467)[71]
- 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 Chandrasen (d. 1503)[71]
- 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 Prithviraj Singh I (d. 1527)[72]
- 5 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 Puranmal (d. 1534)[73]
- 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 Bhim Singh (d. 1537)
- 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 Ratan Singh (d. 1548)
- 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 Askaran (d. 1599)
- 1 Jun 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 Bharmal (d. 1574)
- 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 Bhagwant Das (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
- 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 Man Singh (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
- 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 Bhau Singh (d. 1621)
- 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 Jai Singh I (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
- 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: Ram Singh I (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
- 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: Bishan Singh (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
- 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: Jai Singh II (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
- 1743 – 12 Dec 1750: Ishwari Singh (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
- Dec 1750 – 6 Mar 1768: Madho Singh I (b. 1728 – d. 1768)[74]
- 7 Mar 1768 – 16 Apr 1778: Prithvi Singh II[75]
- 1778 – 1803: Pratap Singh (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
- 1803 – 21 Nov 1818: Jagat Singh II (b. ... – d. 1818)
- 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: Mohan Singh (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)
- 25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835: Jai Singh III (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
- Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: Ram Singh II (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
- 18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922: Madho Singh II (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
- 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
- 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of India in 1949 CE.[76]
Titular rulers[edit]
- 7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: Sawai Man Singh II
- 24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: Sawai Bhawani Singh (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian Constitution.
- 28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: Sawai Bhawani Singh (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
- 17 Apr 2011 – present: Padmanabh Singh (b. 1998)
Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)[edit]
- Nripa Kama (1000–1045)
Hoysala Kings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (c. 1003–1320 CE)[edit]
The Lohara dynasty were Hindu rulers of Kashmir from the Khasa tribe,[77][78] in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The dynasty was founded by the Samgramaraja, the grandson of Khasha chief Simharaja and the nephew of the Utpala dynasty Queen Didda.
First Lohara dynasty[edit]
Ruler | Reign[79] | ! Ascension year |
---|---|---|
Sangramaraja (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati) | 25 Years | 1003 CE |
Hariraja | 22 days | 1028 CE |
Ananta-deva | 35 Years | 1028 CE |
Kalasha (Ranaditya II) | 26 Years | 1063 CE |
Utkarsha | 22 days | 1089 CE |
Harsha | 12 Years | died in 1101 CE |
Second Lohara dynasty[edit]
- Radda (Shankharaja)
- Salhana
- Sussala
- Bhikshachara
- Sussala (2nd reign)
- Jayasimha (Sinha-deva)
Khasa Malla Kingdom (c. 10th to 14th century CE)[edit]
The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned by Giuseppe Tucci is in the following succession up to Prithvi Malla:[80]
- List–
- Nāgarāja, (first known ruler of dynasty)
- Chaap/Cāpa
- Chapilla/Cāpilla
- Krashichalla
- Kradhichalla
- Krachalla Deva (1207–1223 CE)
- Ashoka Challa (1223–1287)
- Jitari Malla
- Ananda Malla
- Ripu Malla (1312–1313)
- Sangrama Malla
- Aditya Malla
- Kalyana Malla
- Pratapa Malla
- Punya Malla
- Prithvi Malla
- Abhaya Malla (14th century), (last ruler of dynasty)
Naga dynasty of Kalahandi (1005 – 1947 CE)[edit]
- Raghunath Sai (1005–1040)
- Pratap Narayan Deo (1040–1072)
- Birabar Deo (1072–1108)
- Jugasai Deo I (1108–1142)
- Udenarayan Deo (1142–1173)
- Harichandra Deo (1173–1201)
- Ramachandra Deo (1201–1234)
- Gopinath Deo (1234–1271)
- Balabhadra Deo (1271–1306
- Raghuraj Deo (1306–1337)
- Rai Singh Deo I (1337–1366)
- Haria Deo (1366–1400)
- Jugasai Deo II (1400–1436)
- Pratap Narayan Deo II (1436–1468)
- Hari Rudra Deo (1468–1496)
- Anku Deo (1496–1528)
- Pratap Deo (1528–1564)
- Raghunath Deo (1564–1594)
- Biswambhar Deo (1594–1627)
- Rai Singh Deo II (1627–1658)
- Dusmant Deo (1658–1693)
- Jugasai Deo III (1693–1721)
- Khadag Rai Deo (1721–1747)
- Rai Singh Deo III (1747–1771)
- Purusottam Deo (1771–1796)
- Jugasai Dei IV (1796–1831)
- Fateh Narayan Deo (1831–1853)
- Udit Pratap Deo I (1853–1881)
- Raghu Keshari De (1894–1897)
- Court of Wards (1897–1917)
- Brajamohan Deo (1917–1939)
- Pratap Keshari Deo (1939–1947)
Sena dynasty of Bengal (1070 – 1230 CE)[edit]
Serial No. | Ruler | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Hemanta Sen | 1070–1096 |
2 | Vijay Sen | 1096–1159 |
3 | Ballal Sen | 1159–1179 |
4 | Lakshman Sen | 1179–1206 |
5 | Vishwarup Sen | 1206–1225 |
6 | Keshab Sen | 1225–1230 |
Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)[edit]
- Beta I (1000–1030)
- Prola I (1030–1075)
- Beta II (1075–1110)
- Prola II (1110–1158)
- Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent ruler of this dynasty]
- Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]
- Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present day warangal)]
- Rudrama Devi (1262–1296)[Only woman ruler of this dynasty]
- Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of this dynasty]
Gahadavala dynasty (1089–1197 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers–
- Chandradeva (c. 1089–1103 CE), founder of dynasty
- Madanapala (c. 1104–1113 CE)
- Govindachandra (c. 1114–1155 CE
- Vijayachandra (c. 1155–1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva
- Jayachandra (c. 1170–1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends
- Harishchandra (c. 1194–1197 CE), last ruler of dynasty[81][82][83][84]
Karnata dynasty of Mithila (1097 – 1324 CE)[edit]
S.N. | Ruler | Regin |
---|---|---|
1 | Nanyadeva | 1097–1147 |
2 | Gangadeva | 1147–1187 |
3 | Narsimhadeva | 1187–1227 |
4 | Ramasimhadeva | 1227–1285 |
5 | Shaktisimhadeva | 1285–1295 |
6 | Harisimhadeva | 1295–1324 |
Chutia (Sadiya) Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers
- Birpal (1187–1224), founder of dynasty
- Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
- Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
- Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
- Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
- Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
- Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
- Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
- Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
- Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
- Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
- Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
- Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
- Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
- Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
- Nitypal (1522–1524), last ruler of dynasty
Late Medieval Period (c. 1200s CE – c. 1500s CE)[edit]
Delhi Sultanate (c. 1206–1526 CE)[edit]
Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290 CE)[edit]
- Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210)
- Aram Shah (1210–1211)
- Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
- Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
- Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
- Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
- Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
- Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
- Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
- Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)
Khalji dynasty (1290–1320 CE)[edit]
- Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji (1290–1296)
- Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316)
- Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khalji (1316)
- Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah Khalji (1316–1320)
- Khusro Khan Khalji (1320)
Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414 CE)[edit]
- Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (1321–1325)
- Muhammad Shah Tughluq I (1325–1351)
- Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388)
- Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
- Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
- Muhammad Shah Tughluq III (1390–1394)
- Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq (1394)
- Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV (1394–1413)
After the invasion of Timur in 1398, the governor of Multan, Khizr Khan abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.
Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479 CE)[edit]
- Malik Sarwar Shah (1394–1399)
- Mubarak Shah (1399–1402)
- Ibrahim Shah (1402–1440)
- Mahmud Shah (1440–1457)
- Muhammad Shah (1457–1458)
- Hussain Shah (1458–1479)
Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451 CE)[edit]
- Khizr Khan (1414–1421)
- Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)
- Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)
- Alam Shah (1445–1451)
Lodi dynasty (1451–1526 CE)[edit]
- Bahlul Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
- Sikandar Khan Lodi (1489–1517)
- Ibrahim Khan Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Lodi Empire with the Mughal Empire)
Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279 CE)[edit]
- Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
- Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)
Kingdom of Marwar (c. 1226–1950 CE)[edit]
Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur[edit]
Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438 CE)[edit]
Name | Reign began | Reign ended | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rao Siha | 1226 | 1273 |
2 | Rao Asthan | 1273 | 1292 |
3 | Rao Doohad | 1292 | 1309 |
4 | Rao Raipal | 1309 | 1313 |
5 | Rao Kanhapal | 1313 | 1323 |
6 | Rao Jalansi | 1323 | 1328 |
7 | Rao Chado | 1328 | 1344 |
8 | Rao Tida | 1344 | 1357 |
9 | Rao Kanha Dev | 1357 | 1374 |
10 | Rao Viram Dev | 1374 | 1383 |
11 | Rao Chandra | 1383 | 1424 |
12 | Rao Kanha | 1424 | 1427 |
13 | Rao Ranmal | 1427 | 1438 |
Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950 CE)[edit]
Name | Reign began | Reign ended | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rao Jodha | 12 May 1438 | 6 April 1489 | |
2 | Rao Satal | 6 April 1489 | March 1492 | |
3 | Rao Suja | March 1492 | 2 October 1515 | |
4 | Rao Biram Singh | 2 October 1515 | 8 November 1515 | |
5 | Rao Ganga | 8 November 1515 | 9 May 1532 | |
6 | Rao Maldeo | 9 May 1532 | 7 November 1562 | |
7 | Rao Chandra Sen | 7 November 1562 | 1581 | |
8 | Raja Udai Singh | 4 August 1583 | 11 July 1595 | |
9 | Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal | 11 July 1595 | 7 September 1619 | |
10 | Maharaja Gaj Singh I | 7 September 1619 | 6 May 1638 | |
11 | Maharaja Jaswant Singh | 6 May 1638 | 28 December 1678 | |
12 | Maharaja Ajit Singh | 19 February 1679 | 24 June 1724 | |
13 | Raja Indra Singh | 9 June 1679 | 4 August 1679 | |
14 | Maharaja Abhai Singh | 24 June 1724 | 18 June 1749 | |
15 | Maharaja Ram Singh | First reign | 18 June 1749 | July 1751 |
16 | Maharaja Bakht Singh | July 1751 | 21 September 1752 | |
17 | Maharaja Vijay Singh | 21 September 1752 | 31 January 1753 | |
18 | Maharaja Ram Singh | 31 January 1753 | September 1772 | |
19 | Maharaja Vijay Singh | September 1772 | 17 July 1793 | |
20 | Maharaja Bhim Singh | 17 July 1793 | 19 October 1803 | |
21 | Maharaja Man Singh | 19 October 1803 | 4 September 1843 | |
22 | Maharaja Sir Takht Singh | 4 September 1843 | 13 February 1873 | |
23 | Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II | 13 February 1873 | 11 October 1895 | |
24 | Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh | 20 March 1911 | ||
25 | Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh | 20 March 1911 | 3 October 1918 | |
26 | Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh | 3 October 1918 | 9 June 1947 | |
27 | Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh | 9 June 1947 | 7 April 1949 | |
28 | (titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur | 26 January 1952 | Present |
Ahom dynasty of Assam (c. 1228–1826 CE)[edit]
Years | Reign | Ahom name | Other names | succession | End of reign | Capital |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1228–1268 | 40y | Sukaphaa | natural death | Charaideo | ||
1268–1281 | 13y | Suteuphaa | son of Sukaphaa | natural death | Charaideo | |
1281–1293 | 8y | Subinphaa | son of Suteuphaa | natural death | Charaideo | |
1293–1332 | 39y | Sukhaangphaa | son of Subinphaa | natural death | Charaideo | |
1332–1364 | 32y | Sukhrangpha | son of Sukhaangphaa | natural death | Charaideo | |
1364–1369 | 5y | Interregnum[87] | ||||
1369–1376 | 7y | Sutuphaa | brother of Sukhrangphaa[88] | assassinated[89] | Charaideo | |
1376–1380 | 4y | Interregnum | ||||
1380–1389 | 9y | Tyao Khamti | brother of Sutuphaa | assassinated[90] | Charaideo | |
1389–1397 | 8y | Interregnum | ||||
1397–1407 | 10y | Sudangphaa | Baamuni Konwar | son of Tyao Khaamti[91] | natural death | Charagua |
1407–1422 | 15y | Sujangphaa | son of Sudangphaa | natural death | ||
1422–1439 | 17y | Suphakphaa | son of Sujangpha | natural death | ||
1439–1488 | 49y | Susenphaa | son of Suphakphaa | natural death | ||
1488–1493 | 5y | Suhenphaa | son of Susenphaa | assassinated[92] | ||
1493–1497 | 4y | Supimphaa | son of Suhenphaa | natural death | ||
1497–1539 | 42y | Suhungmung | Swarganarayan, Dihingiaa Rojaa I |
son of Supimphaa | assassinated[93] | Bakata |
1539–1552 | 13y | Suklenmung | Garhgayaan Rojaa | son of Suhungmung | natural death | Garhgaon |
1552–1603 | 51y | Sukhaamphaa | Khuraa Rojaa | son of Suklenmung | natural death | Garhgaon |
1603–1641 | 38y | Susenghphaa | Prataap Singha, Burhaa Rojaa, Buddhiswarganarayan |
son of Sukhaamphaa | natural death | Garhgaon |
1641–1644 | 3y | Suramphaa | Jayaditya Singha, Bhogaa Rojaa |
son of Susenghphaa | deposed[94] | Garhgaon |
1644–1648 | 4y | Sutingphaa | Noriyaa Rojaa | brother of Suramphaa | deposed[95] | Garhgaon |
1648–1663 | 15y | Sutamla | Jayadhwaj Singha, Bhoganiyaa Rojaa |
son of Sutingphaa | natural death | Garhgaon/Bakata |
1663–1670 | 7y | Supangmung | Chakradhwaj Singha | cousin of Sutamla[96] | natural death | Bakata/Garhgaon |
1670–1672 | 2y | Sunyatphaa | Udayaditya Singha | brother of Supangmung[97] | deposed[98] | |
1672–1674 | 2y | Suklamphaa | Ramadhwaj Singha | brother of Sunyatphaa | poisoned[99] | |
1674–1675 | 21d | Suhung[100] | Samaguria Rojaa Khamjang | Samaguria descendant of Suhungmung | deposed[101] | |
1675-1675 | 24d | Gobar Roja | great-grandson of Suhungmung[102] | deposed[103] | ||
1675–1677 | 2y | Sujinphaa[104] | Arjun Konwar, Dihingia Rojaa II |
grandson of Pratap Singha, son of Namrupian Gohain | deposed, suicide[105] | |
1677–1679 | 2y | Sudoiphaa | Parvatia Rojaa | great-grandson of Suhungmung[106] | deposed, killed[107] | |
1679–1681 | 3y | Sulikphaa | Ratnadhwaj Singha, Loraa Rojaa |
Samaguria family | deposed, killed[108] | |
1681–1696 | 15y | Supaatphaa | Gadadhar Singha | son of Gobar Rojaa | natural death | Borkola |
1696–1714 | 18y | Sukhrungphaa | Rudra Singha | son of Supaatphaa | natural death | Rangpur |
1714–1744 | 30y | Sutanphaa | Siva Singha | son Sukhrungphaa | natural death | |
1744–1751 | 7y | Sunenphaa | Pramatta Singha | brother of Sutanphaa | natural death | |
1751–1769 | 18y | Suremphaa | Rajeswar Singha | brother of Sunenphaa | natural death | |
1769–1780 | 11y | Sunyeophaa | Lakshmi Singha | brother of Suremphaa | natural death | |
1780–1795 | 15y | Suhitpangphaa | Gaurinath Singha | son of Sunyeophaa | natural death | Jorhat |
1795–1811 | 16y | Suklingphaa | Kamaleswar Singha | great-grandson of Lechai, the brother of Rudra Singha[109] | natural death, smallpox | Jorhat |
1811–1818 | 7y | Sudingphaa (1) | Chandrakaanta Singha | brother of Suklingphaa | deposed[110] | Jorhat |
1818–1819 | 1y | Purandar Singha (1) | descendant of Suremphaa[110] | deposed[111] | Jorhat | |
1819–1821 | 2y | Sudingphaa (2) | Chandrakaanta Singha | fled the capital[112] | ||
1821–1822 | 1y | Jogeswar Singha | 5th descendant of Jambor, the brother of Gadadhar Singha. Jogeswar was brother of Hemo Aideo, and was puppet of Burmese ruler[113] | removed[114] | ||
1833–1838 | Purandar Singha (2)[115] |
Vaghela dynasty (1244–1304 CE)[edit]
The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:
- Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty
- Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla
- Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva
- Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva
- Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya.
Jaffna (Aryachakravarti) dynasty (c. 1277–1619 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers–
- Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan(1277–1284), founder of dynasty
- Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan (1284–1292)
- Vickrama Cinkaiariyan (1292–1302)
- Varodaya Cinkaiariyan (1302–1325)
- Martanda Cinkaiariyan (1325–1348)
- Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan (1348–1371)
- Virodaya Cinkaiariyan (1371–1380)
- Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan (1380–1410)
- Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan (1410–1440)
- Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
- Singai Pararasasegaram (1478–1519)
- Cankili I (1519–1561)
- Puviraja Pandaram (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
- Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran (1565–1570)
- Periyapillai (1565–1582)
- Ethirimana Cinkam (1591–1617)
- Cankili II Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619), last ruler of dynasty[116]
Kingdom of Tripura (c. 1280–1949 CE)[edit]
Manikya dynasty[edit]
- List of rulers–
- Ratna Manikya (1280 CE)
- Pratap Manikya (1350 CE)
- Mukul Manikya (1400 CE)
On 9 September 1949, "Tripura Merger Agreement", was signed and come in effect from 15 October 1949 & Tripura became part of Indian Union.[117]
Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)[edit]
The Nayakas were originally military governors under the Vijayanagara Empire. It is unknown, in fact, if these founded dynasties were related, being branches of a major family, or if they were completely different families. Historians tend to group them by location.
Nayaka dynasty[edit]
Ruler | Reign | Capital | |
---|---|---|---|
Prolaya | 1323-1333 | Warangal (Musunuri line) | |
Kapaya | 1333-1368 | Warangal (Musunuri line) | |
Warangal annexed to Recherla | |||
Singama I | 1335-1361 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Anavotha I | 1361-1384 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Singama II | 1384-1399 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Anavotha II | 1399-1421 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Mada | 1421-1430 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Singama III | 1430-1475 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Rachakonda annexed to Vijayanagara Empire | |||
Kumaravira Timma I | 1441-1462 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Chenna Vibhudu | 1462-1505 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Vaiyappa | 1464-1490 | Gingee (Gingee line)[118] | |
Tubaki Krishnappa | 1490-1520 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Chaudappa | 1499-1530 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Ramalinga | 1505-1540 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Achyutavijaya Ramachandra | 1520-1540 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Viswanatha | 1529-1564 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Sadashiva | 1530-1566[119] | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Chevappa | 1532-1580 | Tanjore (Thanjavur line) | |
Bangaru Timma | 1540-1565 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Muthialu | 1540-1570 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Krishnappa I | 1564-1572 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Narasimha | 1565-1598 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Sankanna I | 1566-1570 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Timanna | 1568-1589 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Sankanna II the Younger (Chikka Sankanna) |
1570-1580 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Venkatappa | 1570-1600 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Virappa | 1572-1595 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Ramaraja | 1580-1586 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Achuthappa | 1580-1614 | Tanjore (Thanjavur line) | |
Venkatappa I the Elder (Hiriya Venkatappa) |
1586-1629 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Obanna-Madakari I | 1589-1602 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Krishnappa II | 1595-1601 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Timma | 1598-1623 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Varadappa | 1600-1620 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Muthu Krishnappa | 1601-1609 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Kasturi Rangappa I | 1602-1652 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Muthu Virappa I | 1609-1623 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Raghunatha | 1614-1634 | Tanjore (Thanjavur line) | |
Appa | 1620-1649 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Gingee annexed to the Bijapur Sultanate | |||
Chenna Timma | 1623-1652 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Tirumala | 1623-1659 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Virabhadra | 1629-1645 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Vijaya Raghava | 1634-1673 | Tanjore (Thanjavur line) | |
Thanjavur annexed to the Maratha Empire | |||
Shivappa | 1645-1660 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Madakari II | 1652-1674 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Kumaravira Timma II | 1652-1685 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Gandikota annexed to the Sultanate of Golconda | |||
Muthu Virappa II | 1659 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Chokanatha I | 1659-1682 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Venkatappa II the Younger (Chikka Venkatappa) |
1660-1662 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Bhadrappa | 1662-1664 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Somashekara I | 1664-1672 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Chennamma | 1672-1697 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Obanna II | 1674-1675 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Shoora Kantha | 1675-1676 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Chikanna | 1676-1686 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1682-1689) | |||
Aranga Krishna Muthu Virappa III |
1682-1689 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Madakari III | 1686-1688 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Donne Rangappa | 1688-1689 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1689-1704) | |||
Vijayaranga Chokanatha II |
1689-1732 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Bharamana | 1689-1721 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Basavappa | 1697-1714 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Somashekara II | 1714-1739 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Madakari IV | 1721-1748 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Meenakshi | 1732-1736 | Madurai (Madurai line). | |
Madurai annexed to the Nawab of Carnatic | |||
Basavappa | 1739-1754 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Sri Vijaya Rajasinha | 1739-1747 | Kandy (Kandy line) | |
Kirti Sri Rajasinha | 1747-1782 | Kandy (Kandy line) | |
Kasturi Rangappa II | 1748-1758 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Basappa | 1754-1759 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Madakari V | 1758-1779 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Chitradurga annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore | |||
Virammaji | 1759-1763 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Keladi annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore | |||
Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha | 1782-1798 | Kandy (Kandy line) | |
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha | 1798-1815[120][121] | Kandy (Kandy line) | |
Kandy becomes a British colony |
Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)[edit]
The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:
- Chinna Bommi Reddy
- Thimma Reddy Nayak
- Lingama Nayak
Other Nayaka kingdoms[edit]
- Nayakas of Shorapur
- Nayakas of Kalahasti
- Nayakas of Harappanahalli
- Nayakas of Gummanayakana Palya
- Nayakas of Kuppam
- Nayakas of Rayalaseema
- Nayakas of Jarimale
- Nayakas of Gudekote
- Nayakas of Nayakanahatti[122][123]
Reddy Kingdom (c. 1325–1448 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers–
- Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335), founder of dynasty
- Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
- Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
- Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
- Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
- Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
- Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448), last ruler of dynasty
Oiniwar (Sugauna) dynasty of Mithila (c. 1325–1526 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers–
According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:[124]
- Nath Thakur, founder of dynasty in 1325 CE
- Atirupa Thakur
- Vishwarupa Thakur
- Govinda Thakur
- Lakshman Thakur
- Kameshwar Thakur
- Bhogishwar Thakur, ruled for over 33 years
- Ganeshwar Singh, reigned from 1355; killed by his cousins in 1371 after a long-running internecine dispute
- Kirti Singh
- Bhava Singh Deva
- Deva Simha Singh
- Shiva Simha Singh (or Shivasimha Rūpanārāyana), took power in 1402, missing in battle in 1406[125][126]
- Lakshima Devi, chief wife of Shiva Simha Singh, ruled as regent for 12 years. She committed sati after many years of waiting for her husband's return.[125]
- Padma Simha Singh, took power in 1418 and died in 1431[125]
- Viswavasa Devi, wife of Padma Singh, died in 1443
- Hara Singh Deva, younger brother of Deva Singh
- Nara Singh Deva, died in 1460
- Dhir Singh Deva
- Bhairva Singh Deva, died in 1515, brother of Dhir Singh Deva
- Rambhadra Deva
- Laxminath Singh Deva, last ruler died in 1526 CE
Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1336–1646 CE)[edit]
Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by four different dynasties for about 310 years on entire South India.[127]
Serial no. | Regnal names | Reign (CE) | |
---|---|---|---|
Sangama dynasty rulers (1336 to 1485 CE) | |||
1 | Harihara I | 1336–1356 | |
2 | Bukka Raya I | 1356–1377 | |
3 | Harihara II | 1377–1404 | |
4 | Virupaksha Raya | 1404–1405 | |
5 | Bukka Raya II | 1405–1406 | |
6 | Deva Raya | 1406–1422 | |
7 | Ramachandra Raya | 1422 | |
8 | Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya | 1422–1424 | |
9 | Deva Raya II | 1424–1446 | |
10 | Mallikarjuna Raya | 1446–1465 | |
11 | Virupaksha Raya II | 1465–1485 | |
12 | Praudha Raya | 1485 | |
Saluva dynasty rulers (1485 to 1505 CE) | |||
13 | Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya | 1485–1491 | |
14 | Thimma Bhupala | 1491 | |
15 | Narasimha Raya II | 1491–1505 | |
Tuluva dynasty rulers (1491 to 1570 CE) | |||
16 | Tuluva Narasa Nayaka | 1491–1503 | |
17 | Viranarasimha Raya | 1503–1509 | |
18 | Krishnadevaraya | 1509–1529 | |
19 | Achyuta Deva Raya | 1529–1542 | |
20 | Sadasiva Raya | 1542–1570 | |
Aravidu dynasty rulers (1542 to 1646 CE) | |||
21 | Aliya Rama Raya | 1542–1565 | |
22 | Tirumala Deva Raya | 1565–1572 | |
23 | Sriranga Deva Raya | 1572–1586 | |
24 | Venkatapati Deva Raya | 1586–1614 | |
25 | Sriranga II | 1614–1617 | |
26 | Rama Deva Raya | 1617–1632 | |
27 | Peda Venkata Raya | 1632–1642 | |
28 | Sriranga III | 1642–1646/1652 |
Bahmani Sultanate (c. 1347–1527 CE)[edit]
- Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah (1347–1358)
- Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)
- Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
- Daud Shah I (1378)
- Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
- Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
- Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
- Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah (1397–1422)
- Ahmad Shah I Wali (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar
- Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
- Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
- Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III (1461–1463)
- Muhammad Shah III Lashkari (1463–1482)
- Mahmood Shah Bahmani II(1482–1518)
- Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
- Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
- Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
- Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)
Malwa Sultanate (c. 1392–1562 CE)[edit]
- Ghoris (1390–1436 CE)
- Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
- Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
- Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
- Masud Khan (1436)
- Khaljis (1436–1535 CE)
- Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)
- Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)
- Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
- Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)
Baro-Bhuyan kingdoms (c. 1365–1632 CE)[edit]
- List of Kingdoms and their rulers are
Baro-Bhuyan of Assam (1365–1440 CE)[edit]
- Sasanka (Arimatta) (1365–1385 CE)
- Gajanka (1385–1400 CE)
- Sukranka (1400–1415 CE)
- Mriganka (1415–1440 CE)
Baro-Bhuyan of Bengal (1576–1632 CE)[edit]
Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (c. 1375–1523 CE)[edit]
The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.[128][129]
Name in dynasty's inscriptions (IAST) | Reign | Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature |
---|---|---|
Vīrasiṃha-deva | 1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE) | Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in Badauni's writings), Nar Singh (in Firishta's and Nizamuddin's writings).[130] |
Uddharaṇa-deva | 1400–1402 CE | Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)[131] |
Virāma-deva | 1402–1423 CE | Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in Firishta's writings) |
Gaṇapati-deva | 1423–1425 CE | Ganpati Dev |
Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha | 1425–1459 CE | Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen |
Kirtisiṃha-deva | 1459–1480 CE | Kirti Singh Tomar |
Kalyāṇamalla | 1480–1486 CE | Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh |
Māna-siṃha | 1486–1516 CE | Mana Sahi, Man Singh |
Vikramāditya | 1516–1523 CE | Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit |
Wadiyar Kingdom of Mysore (c. 1399–1950 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers
- Yaduraya Wodeyar or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1399–1423 CE)
- Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459 CE)
- Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478 CE)
- Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513 CE)
- Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553 CE)
- Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572 CE)
- Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576 CE)
- Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578 CE)
- Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617 CE)
- Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637 CE)
- Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638 CE)
- Ranadhira Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659 CE)
- Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673 CE)
- Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704 CE)
- Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714 CE)
- Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732 CE)
- Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734 CE)
- Immadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761 CE
- Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1770 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
- Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
- Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782 CE, then under Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796 CE.
- Hyder Ali (1761–1782 CE), usurper and non-dynastic
- Tipu Sultan (1782–1799 CE), son of the previous.
- Mummudi Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868 CE), Wodeyar dynasty restored
- Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868–1894 CE)
- Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from (1894 to 1902 CE)
- Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940 CE)
- Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940–1950 CE)
Gajapati Empire (c. 1434–1541 CE)[edit]
- Rulers–
Picture | King | Reign |
---|---|---|
Kapilendra Deva | 1434–1467 | |
Purushottama Deva | 1467–1497 | |
Prataparudra Deva | 1497–1540 | |
Kalua Deva | 1540–1541 | |
Kakharua Deva | 1541 |
Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (c. 1465–1947 CE)[edit]
- Rulers–
Name | Reign Began (in CE) | Reign Ended (in CE) | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rao Bika | 1465 | 1504 |
2 | Rao Narayan Singh | 1504 | 1505 |
3 | Rao Luna Karana (Lon-Karan) | 1505 | 1526 |
4 | Rao Jait Singh (Jetasi) | 1526 | 1542 |
5 | Rao Kalyan Mal | 1542 | 1574 |
6 | Rao Rai Singh I (Rai Rai Singh) | 1574 | 1612 |
7 | Rai Dalpat Singh (Dalip) | 1612 | 1613 |
8 | Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya | 1613 | 1631 |
9 | Rao Karan Singh (Jangalpat Badhshah) | 1631 | 1667 |
10 | Anup Singh | 1669 | 1698 |
11 | Rao Sarup Singh | 1698 | 1700 |
12 | Rao Sujan Singh | 1700 | 1735 |
13 | Rao Zorawar Singh | 1735 | 1746 |
14 | Rao Gaj Singh | 1746 | 1787 |
15 | Rao Rai Singh II (Raj Singh) | 1787 | 1787 |
16 | Rao Pratap Singh | 1787 | 1787 |
17 | Rao Surat Singh | 1787 | 1828 |
18 | Rao Ratan Singh | 1828 | 1851 |
19 | Rao Sardar Singh | 1851 | 1872 |
20 | Dungar Singh | 1872 | 1887 |
21 | Ganga Singh | 1887 | 1943 |
22 | Sadul Singh | 1943 | 1947 |
23 | Karni Singh | 1947 | 1971 |
Deccan Sultanates (c. 1490–1686 CE)[edit]
Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619 CE)[edit]
- Qasim Barid I 1490–1504
- Amir Barid I 1504–1542
- Ali Barid Shah I 1542–1580
- Ibrahim Barid Shah 1580–1587
- Qasim Barid Shah II 1587–1591
- Ali Barid Shah II 1591
- Amir Barid Shah II 1591–1601
- Mirza Ali Barid Shah III 1601–1609
- Amir Barid Shah III 1609–1619
Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572 CE)[edit]
- Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (1490–1504)
- Aladdin Imad Shah (1504–1530)
- Darya Imad Shah (1530–1562)
- Burhan Imad Shah (1562–1574)
- Tufal Khan 1574
Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)[edit]
- Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1511)
- Ismail Adil Shah (1511–1534)
- Mallu Adil Shah (1534)
- Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558)
- Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1579)
- Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
- Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur (1627–1657)
- Ali Adil Shah II (1657–1672)
- Sikandar Adil Shah (1672–1686)
Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636 CE)[edit]
- Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I 1490–1510
- Burhan Nizam Shah I 1510–1553
- Hussain Nizam Shah I 1553–1565
- Murtaza Nizam Shah I 1565–1588
- Hussain Nizam Shah II 1588–1589
- Ismail Nizam Shah 1589–1591
- Burhan Nizam Shah II 1591–1595
- Ibrahim Nizam Shah 1595–1596
- Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah II 1596
- Bahadur Nizam Shah 1596–1600
- Murtaza Nizam Shah II 1600–1610
- Burhan Nizam Shah III 1610–1631
- Hussain Nizam Shah III 1631–1633
- Murtaza Nizam Shah III 1633–1636
Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686 CE)[edit]
- Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk (1518–1543)
- Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
- Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
- Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
- Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1612)
- Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
- Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
- Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1686)
Gatti Mudalis of Taramangalam (c. 15th–17th century CE)[edit]
- List of known rulers–
- Vanagamudi Gatti
- Immudi Gatti
- Gatti Mudali
Early Modern Period (c. 1500s CE – 1850s CE)[edit]
Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)[edit]
Veerakerala Varma, nephew of Cheraman Perumal Nayanar, is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century. But the records we have start in 1503.[citation needed]
- Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
- Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
- Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
- Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
- Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
- Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
- Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
- Godavarma (1637–1645)
- Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
- Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
- Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
- Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
- Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
- Goda Varma (1662–1663)
- Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
- Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
- Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
- Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
- Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
- Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
- Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
- Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
- Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
- Veera Kerala Varma II (1760–1775)
- Rama Varma VIII (1775–1790)
- Shaktan Thampuran (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
- Rama Varma X (1805–1809), Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")
- Veera Kerala Varma III (1809–1828), Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month (Kollam Era))
- Rama Varma XI (1828–1837), Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))
- Rama Varma XII (1837–1844), Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))
- Rama Varma XIII (1844–1851), Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
- Veera Kerala Varma IV (1851–1853), Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)
- Ravi Varma IV (1853–1864), Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))
- Rama Varma XIV (1864–1888), Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))
- Kerala Varma V (1888–1895), Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))
- Rama Varma XV (1895–1914), a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
- Rama Varma XVI (1915–1932), Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
- Rama Varma XVII (1932–1941), Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")
- Kerala Varma VI (1941–1943), Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
- Ravi Varma V (1943–1946), Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
- Kerala Varma VII (1946–1948), Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
- Rama Varma XVIII (1948–1964), Pareekshit Thampuran
Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1949 CE)[edit]
Rulers of undivided Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1586)[edit]
- Biswa Singha (1515–1540)
- Nara Narayan (1540–1586)
Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586–1949)[edit]
- Lakshmi Narayan
- Bir Narayan
- Pran Narayan
- Basudev Narayan
- Mahindra Narayan
- Roop Narayan
- Upendra Narayan
- Devendra Narayan
- Dhairjendra Narayan
- Rajendra Narayan
- Dharendra Narayan
- Harendra Narayan
- Shivendra Narayan
- Narendra Narayan
- Nripendra Narayan[132]
- Rajendra Narayan II
- Jitendra Narayan (father of Gayatri Devi)
- Jagaddipendra Narayan (ruled until 1949)
Rulers of Koch Hajo (c. 1581–1616 CE)[edit]
- Raghudev (son of Chilarai, nephew of Nara Narayan)
- Parikshit Narayan
Rulers of Darrang[edit]
- Balinarayan (brother of Parikshit Narayan)
- Mahendra Narayan
- Chandra Narayan
- Surya Narayan
Rulers of Beltola[edit]
- Gaj Narayan Dev (brother of Parikshit Narayan, ruler of Koch Hajo, brother of Balinarayan, first Koch ruler of Darrang).
- Shivendra Narayan Dev (Son of Gaj Narayan)
- Gandharva Narayan Dev (Son of Shivendra Narayan)
- Uttam Narayan Dev (Son of Gandharva Narayan Dev)
- Dhwaja Narayan Dev (Son of Uttam Narayan Dev)
- Jay Narayan Dev (Son of Dhwaja Narayan Dev)
- Lambodar Narayan Dev (Son of Jay Narayan Dev)
- Lokpal Narayan Dev (Son of Lambodar Narayan Dev)
- Amrit Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev)
- Chandra Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev) (died 1910 CE)
- Rajendra Narayan Dev (Son of Chandra Narayan Dev) (died 1937 CE)
- Lakshmipriya Devi (wife of Rajendra Narayan Dev) (reign:1937–1947 CE died: 1991 CE)
Rulers of Bijni[edit]
The Bijni rulers reigned between the Sankosh and the Manas rivers, the region immediately to the east of Koch Bihar.
- Chandra Narayan (son of Parikshit Narayan)
- Joy Narayan
- Shiv Narayan
- Bijoy Narayan
- Mukunda Narayan
- Haridev Narayan
- Balit Narayan
- Indra Narayan
- Amrit Narayan
- Kumud Narayan
- Jogendra Narayan
- Bhairabendra Narayan
Rulers of Khaspur[edit]
The rulers of the Koch kingdom at Khaspur were:[133]
- Kamal Narayan (Gohain Kamal, son of Biswa Singha, governor of Khaspur)
- Udita Narayan (declared independence of Khaspur in 1590)
- Vijay Narayana
- Dhir Narayana
- Mahendra Narayana
- Ranjit
- Nara Singha
- Bhim Singha (his only issue, daughter Kanchani, married a prince of Kachari kingdom, and Khaspur merged with the Kachari kingdom)
Khandwala (Raj Darbhanga) dynasty of Mithila (c. 1526–1947 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers–
- Raja Mahesh Thakur (Approx. 1526–1557)
- Raja Gopal Thakur (Approx. 1557–1600)
- Raja Parmanand Thakur (Approx. 1600–1607)
- Raja Purushottam Thakur (ruled 1607–1623)
- Raja Narayan Thakur (ruled 1623–1642).
- Raja Sundar Thakur (ruled 1642–1662)
- Raja Mahinath Thakur (ruled 1662–1684)
- Raja Nirpat Thakur (ruled 1684–1700)
- Raja Raghu Singh (ruled 1700–1736)
- Raja Bishnu Singh (ruled 1736–1740)
- Raja Narendra Singh (ruled 1740–1760)
- Raja Pratap Singh (ruled 1760–1776)
- Raja Madho Singh (ruled 1776–1808)
- Maharaja Chhatra Singh Bahadur (ruled 1808–1839)
- Maharaja Rudra Singh Bahadur (ruled 1839–1850)
- Maharaja Maheshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1850–1860)
- Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1860–1898)
- Maharaja Rameshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1898–1929)
- Maharaja Kameshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1929–1947), last ruler of dynasty[134]
Mughal Empire (c. 1526–1857 CE)[edit]
Mughal emperors[edit]
Portrait | Titular Name | Birth (modern-day name) | Reign | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Babur | 14 February 1483 Andijan, Uzbekistan | 20 April 1526 – 26 December 1530
(4 years 8 months 9 days) |
26 December 1530 (aged 47) Agra, India |
2 | Humayun | 6 March 1508 Kabul, Afghanistan | 26 December 1530 – 17 May 1540
22 February 1555 – 27 January 1556 (10 years 3 months 25 days) |
27 January 1556 (aged 47) Delhi, India |
3 | Akbar | 15 October 1542 Umerkot, Pakistan | 11 February 1556 – 27 October 1605
(49 years 9 months 0 days) |
27 October 1605 (aged 63) Agra, India |
4 | Jahangir | 31 August 1569 Agra, India | 3 November 1605 – 28 October 1627
(21 years 11 months 23 days) |
28 October 1627 (aged 58) Jammu and Kashmir, India |
5 | Shah Jahan | 5 January 1592 Lahore, Pakistan | 19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658
(30 years 8 months 25 days) |
22 January 1666 (aged 74) Agra, India |
6 | Aurangzeb | 3 November 1618 Gujarat, India | 31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707
(48 years 7 months 0 days) |
3 March 1707 (aged 88) Ahmednagar, India |
7 | Azam Shah | 28 June 1653 Burhanpur, India | 14 March 1707 – 20 June 1707 | 20 June 1707 (aged 53) Agra, India |
8 | Bahadur Shah I | 14 October 1643 Burhanpur, India | 19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712
(4 years, 253 days) |
27 February 1712 (aged 68) Lahore, Pakistan |
9 | Jahandar Shah | 9 May 1661 Deccan, India | 27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713
(0 years, 350 days) |
12 February 1713 (aged 51) Delhi, India |
10 | Farrukhsiyar Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha |
20 August 1685 Aurangabad, India | 11 January 1713 – 28 February 1719
(6 years, 48 days) |
19 April 1719 (aged 33) Delhi, India |
11 | Rafi ud-Darajat Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha |
1 December 1699 | 28 February 1719 – 6 June 1719
(0 years, 98 days) |
6 June 1719 (aged 19) Agra, India |
12 | Shah Jahan II Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha |
5 January 1696 | 6 June 1719 – 17 September 1719
(0 years, 105 days) |
18 September 1719 (aged 23) Agra, India |
13 | Muhammad Shah Puppet Emperor Under the Sayyids of Barha |
7 August 1702 Ghazni, Afghanistan | 27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748
(28 years, 212 days) |
26 April 1748 (aged 45) Delhi, India |
14 | Ahmad Shah Bahadur | 23 December 1725 Delhi, India | 29 April 1748 – 2 June 1754
(6 years, 37 days) |
1 January 1775 (aged 49) Delhi, India |
15 | Alamgir II | 6 June 1699 Burhanpur, India | 3 June 1754 – 29 November 1759
(5 years, 180 days) |
29 November 1759 (aged 60) Kotla Fateh Shah, India |
16 | Shah Jahan III | 1711 | 10 December 1759 – 10 October 1760
(282 days) |
1772 (aged 60–61) |
17 | Shah Alam II | 25 June 1728 Delhi, India | 10 October 1760 – 31 July 1788
(27 years, 301 days) |
19 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India |
18 | Mahmud Shah Bahadur | 1749 Delhi, India | 31 July 1788 – 11 October 1788
(63 days) |
1790 (aged 40–41) Delhi, India |
19 | Shah Alam II Puppet Emperor under the Marathas |
25 June 1728 Delhi, India | 16 October 1788 – 19 November 1806
(18 years, 339 days) |
19 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India |
20 | Akbar II Puppet Emperor under the East India Company |
22 April 1760 Mukundpur, India | 19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837
(30 years, 321 days) |
28 September 1837 (aged 77) Delhi, India |
21 | Bahadur Shah II | 24 October 1775 Delhi, India | 28 September 1837 – 21 September 1857
(19 years, 360 days) |
7 November 1862 (aged 87) Rangoon, Myanmar |
Sur Empire (c. 1540–1555 CE)[edit]
- Sher Shah (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor Humayun
- Islam Shah Suri (1545–1554)
- Firuz Shah Suri (1554)
- Muhammad Adil Shah (1554–1555)
- Ibrahim Shah Suri (1555)
- Sikandar Shah Suri (1554–1555)
- Adil Shah Suri (1555–1556), last ruler of dynasty
Bhoi dynasty (c. 1541–1947 CE)[edit]
Gajapati of Odisha[edit]
- Govinda Vidyadhara (1541–1548), founder of dynasty
- Chakrapratapa (1548–1557)
- Narasimha Ray Jena (1557–1558)[135]
- Raghuram Ray Chotaraya (1558–1560)[136]
Khurda Kingdom[edit]
- Ramachandra Deva I (Abhinav Indradyumna) (1568–1600)
- Purusottam Deva (1600–1621)
- Narasingha Deva (1621–1647)
- Balabhadra Deva (1647–1657)
- Mukunda Deva I (1657–1689)
- Divyasingha Deva I (1689–1716)
- Harekrushna Deva (1716–1720)
- Gopinath Deva (1720–1727)
- Ramachandra Deva II (1727–1736)
- Birakesari Deva I (Bhagirathi Deva) (1736–1793)
- Divyasingha Deva II (1793–1798)
- Mukundeva Deva II (1798–1804)
Dhenkanal State
List of rulers of the Dhenkanal princely state of the Bhoi dynasty branch:[137]
- Harisingh Vidyadhara (1530 -1594)
- Loknath Ray Singh Bharamarbar (1594 - 1615)
- Balabhadra Ray Singh (1615 - 1641)
- Nilakantha Ray Singh (1641 - 1682)
- Nrusingh Bhramarbar (1682 - 1708)
- Kunja Behari Bhramarbar (1708 - 1728)
- Braja Behari Bhramarbar (1728 - 1741)
- Damodar Bhramarbar (1741 - 1743)
- Trilochna Dev Mahendra Bahadur (1743 - 1785)
- Ramchandra Mahendra Bahadur (1796 - 1807)
- Krishna Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1807 - 1822)
- Shyam Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1822 - 1830)
- Bhagiratha Mahendra Bahadur (1830 - 1873)
- Pitambar Deo (1873 - 1877)
- Dinabandhu Mahendra Bahadur (1877 - 1885)
- Surya Pratap Mahendra Bahadur (1885 - 1918)
- Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (1918 - 1948), from 1948 titular rulers were appointed but with no real power.
- Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (1948 - 1965), titular
- Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo (born 6 August 1941), titular
Puri Estate[edit]
- Mukundeva Deva II (1804–1817) (exiled and continued as Raja of Puri)
- Ramchandra Deva III (1817–1854)
- Birakesari Deva II (1854–1859)
- Divyasingha Deva III (1859–1882)
- Mukundeva Deva III (1882–1926)
- Ramchandra Deva IV (1926–1947), last official ruler of dynasty.[138] From 1948 titular rulers were appointed but with no real power.
- Ramchandra Deva IV (1947–1956), titular
- Birakisore Deva III (1956–1970), titular
- Divyasingha Deva IV (1970–current, Current Raja of Puri and Titular Gajapati), titular
Kingdom of Ramnad (c. 1601–1949 CE)[edit]
As Sethupathi chieftains of Madurai Nayaks (1601 – 1677)[edit]
- Udaiyan Sethupathi (Sadaikkan) (1601–1623)
- Koottan Sethupathi (1623–1635)
- Dalavai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1635–1645)
- Thirumalai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1646–1676)
- Raja Suriya Sethupathi (1676)
- Aathana Raghunatha Sethupathi (1677)
Imperial Sethupathi rulers (1678 – 1795 CE)[edit]
- Raghunatha Kilavan Sethupathi (1678–1710)
- Muthu Vairavanatha Sethupathi I (1710–1712)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1713-1725)
- Sundaresvara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1725)
- Bavani Sangara Sethupathi (1725–1727)
- Kumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1728–1735)
- Sivakumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1735–1747)
- Rakka Thevar Sethupathi (1748)
- Sella Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1749–1762)
- Muthuramalinga Vijaya Ragunatha Sethupathi I (1762–1772 or 1781–1795)
Rulers of princely state (1795 – 1949 CE)[edit]
As king[edit]
- Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795–1803)
As Zamindars[edit]
- Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1803–1807)
- Annaswami Sethupathi (1807–1820)
- Ramaswami Sethupathi (1820–1830)
- Muthu Chella Thevar Sethupathi (1830–1846)
- Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar (1846–1862)
- Muthuramalinga Sethupathi II (1862–1873)
- Court of Wards (1873–1889)
- Bhaskara Sethupathy (1889–1903)
- Dinakara Sethupathy
- Raja Rajeswara Sethupathi (1903–1929)
- Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi (1929–1949), last ruler of kingdom
Chogyal Kingdom of Sikkim (c. 1642–1975 CE)[edit]
- Rulers-
- Phuntsog Namgyal (1642–1670)
- Tensung Namgyal (1670–1700)
- Chakdor Namgyal (1700–1717)
- Gyurmed Namgyal (1717–1733)=
- Phuntsog Namgyal II (1733–1780)
- Tenzing Namgyal (1780–1793)
- Tsugphud Namgyal (1793–1863)
- Sidkeong Namgyal (1863–1874)
- Thutob Namgyal (1874–1914)
- Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal (1914)
- Tashi Namgyal (1914–1963)
- Palden Thondup Namgyal (1963–1975)
Maratha Confederacy (1674–1818 CE)[edit]
House of Bhonsle[edit]
Ruler | Birth | Reign | Death | Capital | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shivaji I | 19 February 1630[139] | 1674-1680 | 3 April 1680 | Raigad | |||
Venkoji I | 1632 | 1674-1686 | 1686 | Tanjore | |||
Sambhaji I | 14 May 1657 | 1681-1689 | 11 March 1689 | Raigad | |||
Shahuji I | 1672 | 1684-1712 | 1712 | Tanjore | |||
Rajaram I | 24 February 1670 | 1689-1700 | 3 March 1700 | Raigad | |||
Regency of Queen Tarabai (1700–1707) | |||||||
Shivaji II | 9 June 1696 | 1700–1707 | 14 March 1726 | Raigad | |||
1710–1714 | Kolhapur | ||||||
Shahu I | 18 May 1682 | 1707-1749 | 15 December 1749 | Raigad (until 1731) Satara (from 1731) | |||
The Kingdom was divided between two branches of the family, the Satara and the Kolhapur (c. 1707–1710); the division was formalized in 1731. | |||||||
Serfoji I | 1675 | 1712-1728 | 1728 | Tanjore | |||
Sambhaji II | 1698 | 1714–1760 | 18 December 1760 | Kolhapur | |||
Tukkoji | 1677 | 1728-1736 | 1736 | Tanjore | |||
Venkoji II | 1694 | 1736-1737 | 1737 | Tanjore | |||
Sujanabai | c.1695? | 1737-1738 | 1738 | Tanjore | |||
Shahuji II | c.1710? | 1738-1739 | After 1739 | Tanjore | |||
Raghoji I the Great | 1695 | 1739-1755 | February 1755 | Nagpur | |||
Pratapsingh | c.1695 | 1739-1763 | 16 December 1763 | Tanjore | |||
Rajaram II | June 1726 | 1749-1777 | 11 December 1777 | Satara | |||
Janoji | 19 February 1630 | 1755-1772 | 16 May 1772 | Nagpur | |||
Shivaji III | 1756 | 1760-1813 | 24 April 1813 | Kolhapur | |||
Thuljaji | 1738 | 1763-1773 1776-1787 |
1787 | Tanjore | |||
Mudhoji I | ? | 1772-1788 | 1788 | Nagpur | |||
Shahu II | 1763 | 1777-1808 | 3 May 1808 | Satara | |||
Regency of Prince Amar Singh of Thanjavur (1787-1793) | |||||||
Serfoji II | 24 September 1777 | 1787-1793 1798-1832 |
7 March 1832 | Tanjore | |||
Raghoji II | ? | 1788-1816 | 22 March | Nagpur | |||
Amarsingh | c.1738 | 1793-1798 | 19 April 1802 | Tanjore | |||
Pratapsingh | 18 January 1793 | 1808-1839 | 14 October 1847 | Satara | |||
Sambhaji III | 1801 | 1813-1821 | 2 July 1821 | Kolhapur | |||
Parsoji | 1778 | 1816-1817 | 2 February 1817 | Nagpur | |||
Mudhoji II | ? | 1817-1818 | 15 July 1840 | Nagpur | |||
Raghoji III | 1806/08 | 1818-1853 | 11 December 1853 | Nagpur | |||
The kingdom was annexed to the Bombay Presidency on 13 March 1854 under the Doctrine of Lapse.[140] | |||||||
Shivaji IV | 1816 | 1821-1822 | 3 January 1822 | Kolhapur | |||
Shahaji I | 22 January 1802 | 1822-1838 | 29 November 1838 | Kolhapur | |||
Shivaji | c.1810? | 1832-1855 | 29 October 1855 | Tanjore | |||
Tanjore annexed to the Madras Presidency | |||||||
Shivaji V | 26 December 1830 | 1838–1866 | 4 August 1866 | Kolhapur | |||
Shahaji (II) | 1802 | 1839-1848 | 5 April 1848 | Satara | |||
Satara annexed to the Bombay Presidency | |||||||
Rajaram II | 13 April 1850 | 1866-1870 | November 30, 1870 | Kolhapur | |||
Shivaji VI | 5 April 1863 | 1871–1883 | 25 December 1883 | Kolhapur | |||
Regencies of Queen Anandbai (1883-1884) and Jaisingrao Ghatge (father of the ruler, 1884-1885) | |||||||
Shahu III | 26 June 1874 | 1883-1922 | 6 May 1922 | Kolhapur | |||
Rajaram III | 31 July 1897 | 1922–1940 | 26 November 1940 | Kolhapur | |||
Regency of Queen Indumati Tarabai (1941-1946) | |||||||
Shivaji VII | 22 November 1941 | 1941-1946 | 28 September 1946 | Kolhapur | |||
Regency of Queen Indumati Tarabai (1946-1947) | |||||||
Shahaji II (III) | 4 April 1910 | 1946-1947 1947-1971 (titular) |
9 May 1983 | Kolhapur (titular from 1947) |
The Peshwas (c. 1713–1858 CE)[edit]
Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Chhatrapati (Maratha king) after the death of Shahu, and were they were the hegemons of the Maratha confederation.
- Balaji Vishwanath (1713–2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)
- Peshwa Bajirao I (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 August 1700, died 28 April 1740)
- Balaji Bajirao (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 December 1721, d. 23 June 1761)
- Madhavrao Ballal (1761–18 November 1772) (b. 16 February 1745, d. 18 November 1772)
- Narayanrao Bajirao (13 Dec 1772 – 30 August 1773) (b. 10 August 1755, d. 30 August 1773)
- Raghunath Rao Bajirao (5 Dec 1773–1774) (b. 18 August 1734, d. 11 December 1783)
- Sawai Madhavrao (1774–27 October 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 October 1795)
- Baji Rao II (6 Dec 1796 – 3 June 1818) (d. 28 January 1851)
- Nana Sahib (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 September 1859)
Gaekwad dynasty of Baroda (c. 1721–1947 CE)[edit]
- Pilaji Rao Gaekwad (1721–1732)
- Damaji Rao Gaekwad (1732–1768)
- Govind Rao Gaekwad (1768–1771)
- Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I (1771–1789)
- Manaji Rao Gaekwad (1789–1793)
- Govind Rao Gaekwad (restored) (1793–1800)
- Anand Rao Gaekwad (1800–1818)
- Sayaji Rao Gaekwad II (1818–1847)
- Ganpat Rao Gaekwad (1847–1856)
- Khande Rao Gaekwad (1856–1870)
- Malhar Rao Gaekwad (1870–1875)
- Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1875–1939)
- Pratap Singh Gaekwad (1939–1951)
Scindia of Gwalior (c. 1731–1947 CE)[edit]
- Ranojirao Scindia (1731–19 July 1745)
- Jayapparao Scindia (1745–25 July 1755)
- Jankoji Rao Scindia (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745
- Meharban Dattaji Rao Scindia, Regent (1755–10 January 1760). Died 1760
- Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763
- Kadarji Rao Scindia (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
- Manaji Rao Scindia (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
- Mahadaji Scindia (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794
- Daulatrao Scindia (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827
- Jankoji Rao Scindia II (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843
- Jayajirao Scindia (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886
- Madho Rao Scindia (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925
- George Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961
Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India.
- Madhavrao Scindia (6 February 1949; died 2001)
- Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (born 1 January 1971)
Holkar rulers of Indore (c. 1731–1948 CE)[edit]
- Malharrao Holkar (I) (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)
- Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)
- Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)
- Tukojirao Holkar (I) (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)
- Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)
- Yashwantrao Holkar (I) (r. 1798–27 November 1811)
- Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar II (r. November 1811–27 October 1833)
- Martandrao Malharrao Holkar (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)
- Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)
- Khanderao Harirao Holkar II (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 March 1844)
- Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar II (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)
- Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)
- Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar III (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)
- Yashwantrao Holkar II (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)
Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India. The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.
Sinsinwar Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur and Deeg (c. 1683–1947 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers
Ruler | Years |
---|---|
Raja Ram Sinsinwar | 1683–1688 |
Churaman | 1695–1721 |
Muhkam Singh | 1721–1722 |
Badan Singh | 1722–1755 |
Suraj Mal | 1755–1763 |
Jawahar Singh | 1764–1768 |
Ratan Singh | 1768–1769 |
Kehri Singh | 1769–1778 |
Ranjit Singh | 1778–1805 |
Randhir Singh | 1805–1823 |
Baldeo Singh | 1823–1825 |
Balwant Singh | 1825–1853 |
Jaswant Singh | 1853–1893 |
Ram Singh | 1893–1900 |
Kishan Singh | 1918–1929 |
Brijendra Singh | 1929–1947 |
Pudukkottai Kingdom (c. 1686–1948 CE)[edit]
- Rulers-
- Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman (1686–1730), first ruler
- Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I (1730–1769)
- Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman (1769–1789)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman (December 1789–February 1, 1807)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II (February 1, 1807–June 1825)
- Raghunatha Tondaiman (June 1825–July 13, 1839)
- Ramachandra Tondaiman (July 13, 1839 – April 15, 1886)
- Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman (April 15, 1886 – May 28, 1928)
- Rajagopala Tondaiman (October 28, 1928 – August 15, 1947), last ruler
Sivaganga Kingdom (c. 1725–1947 CE)[edit]
- Rulers–[141]
- Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1725–1750), founder of kingdom
- Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750–1780)
- Velu Nachiyar (1780–1790)
- Vellacci (1790–1793)
- Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793–1801), last independent ruler
- Zamindar under British rule (1803–1947)
Kingdom of Travancore (c. 1729–1949 CE)[edit]
- Rulers–
- Marthanda Varma (1729–1758 CE), founder of kingdom
- Dharma Raja (1758–1798 CE)
- Balarama Varma (1798–1810CE)
- Gowri Lakshmi Bayi (1810–1815 CE)
- Gowri Parvati Bayi (1815–1829 CE)
- Swathi Thirunal (1829–1846 CE)
- Uthram Thirunal (1846–1860 CE)
- Ayilyam Thirunal (1860–1880 CE)
- Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885 CE)
- Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924 CE)
- Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924–1931 CE)
- Chithira Thirunal (1931–1949 CE), last ruler
Newalkar dynasty of Jhansi (c. 1769–1858 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers–
- Raghunath Rao (1769–1796)
- Shiv Hari Rao (1796–1811)
- Ramchandra Rao (1811–1835)
- Raghunath Rao III (1835–1838)
- Sakku Bai Rao (1838–1839)
- Gangadhar Rao (1843–1853)
- Rani Lakshmi Bai as regent of Damodar Rao of Jhansi (21 November 1853 – 10 March 1854, 4 June 1857 – 4/5 April 1858)[142]
Sikh Empire (c. 1801–1849 CE)[edit]
- List of rulers-
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh (b. 1780, crowned 12 April 1801; d. 1839 CE), founder of Sikh Empire
- Kharak Singh (b. 1801, d. 1840 CE), eldest son of Ranjit Singh
- Nau Nihal Singh (b. 1821, d. 1840 CE), grandson of Ranjit Singh
- Chand Kaur (b. 1802, d. 1842 CE) was briefly Regent
- Sher Singh (b. 1807, d. 1843 CE), son of Ranjit Singh
- Duleep Singh (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893 CE), youngest son of Ranjit Singh
The British Empire annexed the Punjab in 1845–49 CE; after the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars
Muslim vassal kingdoms of the Maratha/Mughal/British Paramountcy (c. 1707–1856 CE)[edit]
Nawabs of Bengal | Nawabs of Oudh | Nawabs of Hyderabad |
---|---|---|
|
|
|
Dogra dynasty of Jammu and Kashmir (c. 1846–1952 CE)[edit]
Ruler | Reign | |
---|---|---|
Gulab Singh | 1846–1856 CE | |
Ranbir Singh | 1856–1885 CE | |
Pratap Singh | 1885–1925 CE | |
Hari Singh | 1925–1952 CE | |
Karan Singh (Prince Regent) |
1949–1952 CE |
Later Modern India (c. 1850s onwards)[edit]
Empire of India (1876–1947 CE)[edit]
Portrait | Name | Birth | Reign | Death | Consort | Imperial Durbar | Royal House |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victoria | 24 May 1819 | 1 May 1876 – 22 January 1901 | 22 January 1901 | None[a] | 1 January 1877 (represented by Lord Lytton) |
Hanover | |
Edward VII | 9 November 1841 | 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 | 6 May 1910 | 1 January 1903 (represented by Lord Curzon) |
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | ||
George V | 3 June 1865 | 6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936 | 20 January 1936 | 12 December 1911 | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1910–1917) Windsor (1917–1936) | ||
Edward VIII | 23 June 1894 | 20 January 1936 – 11 December 1936 | 28 May 1972 | None | None[b] | Windsor | |
George VI | 14 December 1895 | 11 December 1936 – 15 August 1947[143] | 6 February 1952 | None[c] | Windsor |
Dominion of India (1947–1950 CE)[edit]
Portrait | Name | Birth | Reign | Death | Consort | Royal House |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
George VI | 14 December 1895 | 15 August 1947 – 26 January 1950[143] | 6 February 1952 | Windsor |
See also[edit]
- Greater India
- History of India
- History of Hinduism
- Middle kingdoms of India
- Timeline of Indian history
- List of wars involving India
- Pottery in the Indian subcontinent
- Outline of South Asian history
- History of Republic of India (1947–present)
Other lists of monarchs[edit]
- List of Tamil monarchs
- List of rulers of Assam
- List of rulers of Malwa
- List of rulers of Bengal
- List of rulers of Odisha
- List of rulers of India
- Lists of ancient kings
- List of heads of state of India
- List of Manipuri kings
- List of monarchs of Kashmir
- Legendary early Chola kings
- List of monarchs of Magadha
- List of Lunar dynasty kings
- List of Solar dynasty kings
- List of Jat dynasties and states
- List of Rajput dynasties and states
- List of Brahmin dynasties and states
- List of Jain states and dynasties
- List of Maratha dynasties and states
- List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate
- List of dynasties and rulers of Rajasthan
- List of Rajput dynasties and states
- List of Hindu empires and dynasties
Notes[edit]
- ^ Victoria's husband Prince Albert died on 14 December 1861.
- ^ Edward VIII abdicated after less than one year of reign.
- ^ A durbar was deemed expensive and impractical due to poverty and demands for independence.[144]
References[edit]
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- ^ Inscriptions of Asoka de D.C. Sircar p.30
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- ^ Genealogical Table of the Zamindaras of Chikiti, Chikiti Estate. Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba, 28th Nov 1928. Typed by A. Rama Murthi, Clerk, Chikiti Estate.
- ^ "PARLA KHIMEDI (Zamindari)". www.members.iinet.net.au. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
- ^ ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS GAJAPATI (PDF), GAD, Govt of Odisha, 2002, p. 51
- ^ Vanina, Eugenia, ed. (1988). Indian History (Audiobook). Allied Publishers. p. 409. ISBN 9788184245684.
- ^ "Detail History of Orissa". Government of Odisha. Archived from the original on 12 November 2006.
- ^ Mirashi, Vasudev Vishnu (1975). Literary and Historical Studies in Indology. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 138. ISBN 978-81-208-0417-3.
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- ^ "Jaintia Hills-Land of Myths and Legends". Mesmerizing Meghalaya. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020.
- ^ Ronald M. Davidson 2012, p. 37.
- ^ V. V. Mirashi (1974). Bhavabhuti. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1180-5.
- ^ P. C. Roy (1980). "The Coinage of the Kalachuris of Ratnapura". The Coinage of Northern India. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-122-5.
- ^ von Hinüber, Oskar, Professor Emeritus, University of Freiburg. "Bronzes of the Ancient Buddhist Kingdom of Gilgit". www.metmuseum.org.
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- ^ R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. Nand Kishore & Sons. pp. 51–70. OCLC 11038728.
- ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979). The Chahamanas of Jalor. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. p. xvi. OCLC 12737199.
- ^ Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-8426-0618-9.
- ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 53.
- ^ Wink, André (1996) [First published 1990]. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. I (3rd ed.). BRILL. pp. 152–153. ISBN 978-90-04-09249-5.
- ^ Pralambha, read from the Tezpur plates, can be corrected to Salambha, in light of the Parbatiya plates, Sharma, Mukunda Manhava (1978). Inscriptions of Ancient Assam. Guwahati: Gauhati University. p. 105.
- ^ "Kingdom that Mughals could never win". The Tribune. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
- ^ International Cyclopaedia: A Library of Universal Knowledge. Vol. 6. Dodd, Mead & Company. 1885. p. 451.
- ^ "Bishnupur". Britannica.
Mallabhum kingdom
- ^ Steemers, Koen (2000). Architecture, City, Environment: Proceedings of PLEA 2000 : July 2000 ... James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd. p. 377. ISBN 1902916166.
- ^ Dasgupta, Gautam Kumar; Biswas, Samira; Mallik, Rabiranjan (2009). Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur. A Mittal Publication. pp. 31–43. ISBN 978-81-8324-294-3.
- ^ Mallik, Abhaya Pada (1921). History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal (the University of Michigan ed.). Calcutta. pp. 128–130. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- ^ Handa 2002, p. 28 to 32.
- ^ Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999) [First published 1988]. Ancient Indian History and Civilization (2nd ed.). New Age International. pp. 264–668. ISBN 81-224-1198-3.
- ^ Georg Bühler, 'Pâiyalachchhî Nâmamâlâ', in Beiträge zur Kunde der Indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. 4, edited by Adalbert Bezzenberger (Göttingen, 1878) and B. J. Dośī, Pāia-lacchīnāmamāla (Prākṛta-Lakṣmināmamālā) (Bombay, 1960): v. 276
- ^ Alexander Cunningham, ed. (1871). Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862–1884. Vol. I. Archaeological Survey of India. pp. 141–145. OCLC 421335527.
- ^ D. C. Ganguly (1981). R. S. Sharma (ed.). A Comprehensive History of India (A. D. 300–985). Vol. 3, Part 1. Indian History Congress / Orient Longmans. p. 704.
- ^ Alexander Cunningham 1871, p. 149.
- ^ Jagbir Singh (2002). The Jat Rulers of Upper Doab: Three Centuries of Aligarh Jat Nobility. Aavishkar. p. 28. ISBN 978-81-7910-016-5.
- ^ a b Dilip Kumar Ganguly (1994). Ancient India, History and Archaeology. Abhinav. pp. 33–41. ISBN 978-81-7017-304-5.
- ^ a b Susan L. Huntington (1984). The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture. Brill Archive. pp. 32–39. ISBN 90-04-06856-2.
- ^ R. C. Majumdar (1971). History of Ancient Bengal. G. Bharadwaj. p. 161–162.
- ^ Abdul Momin Chowdhury (1967). Dynastic history of Bengal, c. 750-1200 CE. Asiatic Society of Pakistan. pp. 272–273.
- ^ Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha (1977). Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450–1200 A.D. Abhinav Publications. pp. 253–. ISBN 978-81-7017-059-4.
- ^ Dineshchandra Sircar (1975–1976). "Indological Notes - R.C. Majumdar's Chronology of the Pala Kings". Journal of Ancient Indian History. IX: 209–10.
- ^ "Nasik History - Ancient Period". State Government of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 29 April 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2006.
- ^ Sen 1999, p. 264.
- ^ "Kannauj after Harsha". Jagran Josh. 14 October 2015.
- ^ Dikshit, R. K. (1976). The Candellas of Jejākabhukti. Abhinav. p. 25. ISBN 978-81-7017-046-4.
- ^ Sullerey, Sushil Kumar (2004). Chandella Art. Aakar Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-81-87879-32-9.
- ^ Jackson, Peter (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
- ^ Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 329. ISBN 978-81-208-0824-9.
- ^ Smith, Walter (1994). The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-81-208-0793-8.
- ^ Dániel Balogh (2012). "Raṇasiṃha Revisited: A New Copper-plate Inscription of the Candrāvatī Paramāra Dynasty". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Third Series. 22 (1): 103. JSTOR 41490376.
- ^ Dániel Balogh (2010). "A Copperplate Land Grant by Raṇasiṃhadeva of the Candrāvatī Paramāras". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 63 (3): 270. doi:10.1556/AOrient.63.2010.3.3. JSTOR 23659005.
- ^ Petech, Luciano (1977). The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. pp. 171–172.
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- ^ Kaul, H. N. (20 April 1998). Rediscovery of Ladakh. Indus Publishing. ISBN 9788173870866. Retrieved 20 April 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ Romila Thapar (2008). Somanatha. Penguin. p. 236. ISBN 9780143064688.
- ^ A. K. Majumdar (1956). Chaulukyas of Gujarat. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 199. OCLC 4413150.
- ^ Michael D. Willis (1996). "Architecture in Central India under the Kacchapaghata Rulers". South Asian Studies. 12 (1): 14. doi:10.1080/02666030.1996.9628506.
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- ^ Prasad, Rajiva Nain (1966). Raja Man Singh of Amber. pp. 1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Prasad (1966, pp. 1–3)
- ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1994) [1984]. A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938. Orient Longman. p. 31. ISBN 81-250-0333-9.
- ^ Sarkar (1994, p. 33)
- ^ Sarkar (1994, p. 259)
- ^ Sarkar (1994, p. 260)
- ^ Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10
- ^ Stein 1989b, p. 433.
- ^ Thakur 1990, p. 287.
- ^ Stein, Marc Aurel (1979) [First published 1900]. Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir. Vol. 1. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 133–138. ISBN 9780896841017.
- ^ Tucci 1956, p. 66.
- ^ Sen 1999, p. 272.
- ^ Niyogi 1959, pp. 115–117.
- ^ Niyogi 1959, p. 38.
- ^ Niyogi 1959, p. 41.
- ^ Hodgson, B. H. (1835). "Account of a Visit to the Ruins of Simroun, once the capital of the Mithila province". Journal of the Asiatic Society. 4: 121−124.
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- ^ Gogoi records that Sukhrangphaa died without leaving a son and the two ministers administered the kingdom without a king for five years (Gogoi 1968, p. 273). Gait and others do not record this (Gait 1906, p. 358), though Baruah does (Baruah 1993, p. 282)
- ^ Sutuphaa was the younger brother of Sukhrangphaa, who was settled in a village called Lahanjing. He was invited by the Burhagohain and Borgohain to become the king and he set up his seat at Chapagurinagar (Gogoi 1968, p. 273)
- ^ Sukhramphaa was assassinated by the king of the Chutiya kingdom on a barge ride on Suffry river (Gogoi 1968:273).
- ^ Sukhangphaa and his chief queen were deposed and executed by the ministers for their autocratic rule (Gogoi 1968:274).
- ^ Sudangphaa Bamuni Konwar was born to the second queen of Tyao Khamti in a Brahmin household of Habung (Gogoi 1968:274–275).
- ^ Suhenphaa was speared to death in his palace by a Tai-Turung chief in revenge for being accused of theft (Gogoi 1968:282).
- ^ Suhungmung was assassinated by a palace staff in a plot engineered by his son, Suklenmung (Gogoi 1968:309).
- ^ Suramphaa was deposed by the ministers when he insisted on burying alive a son of each minister in the tomb of his dead step-son (Gogoi 1968:386). He was later murdered on the instructions of his nephew, the son of his brother and succeeding Swargadeo.
- ^ Sutingphaa was a sickly king (Noriaya Raja), who participated in an intrigue by his chief queen to install a prince unpopular with the ministers. He was deposed and later murdered on the instructions of his son and successor king Sutamla (Gogoi 1968:391–392).
- ^ Supangmung was grandson of Suleng (Deo Raja), the second son of Suhungmung (Gogoi 1968:448).
- ^ The Maju Gohain, the brother of Chakradhwaj Singha, became the king. (Gogoi 1968, p. 470)
- ^ Udayaaditya Sinha's palace was stormed by his brother (and successor king) with a thousand-strong contingent of men led by Lasham Debera, and the king was executed the next day. Udayaaditya's religious fanaticism under the influence of a godman had made him unpopular, and the three great gohains implicitly supported this group (Gogoi 1968:479–482). This event started a very unstable nine-year period of weak kings, dominated by Debera Borbarua, Atan Burhagohain and Laluk-sola Borphukan in succession. This period ended with the accession of Gadadhar Singha.
- ^ Ramadhwaj Sinha was poisoned on the instructions of Debera Borbarua when he tried to assert his authority (Gogoi 1968:484).
- ^ Deyell, John S. Ahom Language Coins of Assam.
- ^ The Samaguria raja was deposed by Debera Borbarua, the de facto ruler, and later executed, along with his queen and her brother (Gogoi 1968:486).
- ^ Gobar Rojaa was the son of Saranga, the son of Suten, the son of Suhungmung Dihingiya Roja.
- ^ Gobar Raja was deposed and executed by the Saraighatias (the commanders of Saraighat/Guwahati), led by Atan Burhagohain (Gogoi 1968:486–488). Their target was the de facto ruler, Debera Borbarua, who was also executed.
- ^ After Ramdhwaj Singha, Chamaguriya Khamjang Konwar alias Shujinpha ruled only 20 days from 10 April 1674 (e.i. Lakni Kat plao (or 26th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) and on 30 April he was killed. There after Tungkhongiya Gobar Raja rose only 12 ruled. Both were killed by the powerful minister Debera Baruah. After Gobar Raja two more princes rose only for another 12 days who are not recorded in chronicles. The title of Suhung is suitable for Dihingia Arjun Konwar, who minted coins and ruled more than six months and the minted year 1675 is his rising year (e.i. Lakni khut ni (or 27th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) -- (Phukan, J.N. (1987). Reattribution of the Coins of Suhung)
- ^ Dihingia Arjun Konwar tried to assert control by moving against the de facto ruler, Atan Burhagohain, but was routed in a skirmish. Sujinphaa was blinded and held captive when he committed suicide by striking his head against a stone (Gogoi 1968:489).
- ^ Sudoiphaa was the grandson of Suhungmung's third son, Suteng (Gogoi 1968:490).
- ^ Sudoiphaa was deposed by Laluk-sola Borphukan, who styled himself as the Burhaphukan, and later executed. Atan Burhagohain, the powerful minister, had been executed earlier (Gogoi 1968:492–493).
- ^ Sulikphaa Lora Roja was deposed and then executed by Gadadhar Singha (Gogoi 1968:496–497).
- ^ Kamaleswar Singha was installed as the king by Purnananda Burhagohain when he was still an infant. He was the son of Kadam Dighala, the son of Ayusut, the son of Lechai, the second son of Gadadhar Singha. Kadam Dighala, who could not become the king because of physical blemishes, was an important influence during the reign (Baruah 1993:148–150).
- ^ a b Chandrakanta Singha was deposed by Ruchinath Burhagohain, mutilated and confined as a prisoner near Jorhat (Baruah 1993:221). The Burhagohain choose Brajanath, a descendant of Suremphaa Pramatta Singha, as the king and coins were struck in the new king's name, but it was discovered that he had mutilations on his person and his son, Purandar Singha, was instated instead (Gait 1906:223).
- ^ Purandar Singha's forces under Jaganath Dhekial Phukan defeated the forces led by the Burmese general Kee-Woomingee (Kiamingi or Alumingi Borgohain) on 15 February 1819, but due to a strategic mistake Jorhat fell into Burmese hands. Kiamingi brought back Chandrakanta Singha and installed him the king (Baruah 1993:221–222).
- ^ Chandrakanta Singha fled to Guwahati when the army of Bagyidaw king of Burma, led by Mingimaha Tilwa, approached Jorhat (Baruah 1993:223).
- ^ Jogeshwar Singha was the brother of Hemo Aideu, one of the queens of Bagyidaw. He was installed as the king by Mingimaha Tilwa (Baruah 1993:223).
- ^ Jogeshwar Singha was removed from all pretense of power and Mingimaha Tilwa was declared the "Raja of Assam" toward the end of June 1822 (Baruah 1993:225).
- ^ Purandar Singha was set up by the East India Company as the tributary Raja of Upper Assam (Baruah 1993:244).
- ^ "genealogy of the royal house of jaffna". Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
- ^ Suresh K. Sharma, Documents on North-East India: Tripura, pp. 93-95
- ^ The list presented for the Gingee line follows Srinivasachari, which takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and notes governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464.
- ^ Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009). Sadashiva Nayaka reign. ISBN 9780871843081. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ Somasekhara Sarma, Mallampalli (1946). History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325 A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.). Waltair: Andhra University. p. 81.: "How this discrepancy arose and why such a wrong account was given in the Kaluvaceru grant is a mystery which is yet to be unravelled."
- ^ Rama Rao, M. (1947). "The Fall of Warangal and After". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 10: 295. JSTOR 44137150.
It is thus impossible that Prolaya Vema could at any time have been a subordinate of the Musunuri chiefs.
- ^ Howes, Jennifer (1 January 1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 28. ISBN 07-0071-585-1.
- ^ Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Shulman, David; Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1998). Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu. Oxford University Press. p. 18.
- ^ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 155–157. ISBN 9788175330344.
- ^ a b c Love Songs of Vidyāpati. Translated by Bhattacharya, Deben. London: G. Allen & Unwin. 1963.
- ^ Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish (1915). Vidyāpati: Bangīya Padābali; Songs of the Love of Rādhā and Krishna. London: The Old Bourne Press.
- ^ Dhere, Ramchandra (2011). Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research. Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 243. ISBN 9780199777648.
- ^ Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty (1984). Gwalior Fort: art, culture, and history. Arnold-Heinemann. pp. 98–116. ISBN 978-0-391-03223-1.
- ^ B. D. Misra (1993). Forts and fortresses of Gwalior and its hinterland. Manohar. pp. 27–46. ISBN 978-81-7304-047-4.
- ^ Kishori Saran Lal (1963). Twilight of the Sultanate. Asia Publishing House. p. 6. OCLC 500687579.
- ^ Sant Lal Katare (1975). "Two Gangolatal, Gwalior, Inscriptions of the Tomara Kings of Gwalior". Journal of the Oriental Institute. XXIII. Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao University: 346.
- ^ "Princess Daisy of Pless: The Happy Years. An exhibition at Castle Pless". www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk.
- ^ Bhattacharjee, J B (1994). "Pre-colonial Political Structure of Barak Valley". In Sangma, Milton S (ed.). Essays on North-east India: Presented in Memory of Professor V. Venkata Rao. Indus Publishing Company. p. 71. ISBN 978-81-7387-015-6.
The Khaspur state originated with Chilarai's invasion in 1562 AD and remained in existence till 1745 when it merged with the Dimasa state of Maibong.
- ^ "The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Volume 94" (PDF). GandhiServe.
- ^ India), Asiatic Society (Kolkata (1901). Journal.
- ^ Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: pts. 1-2. Katak. State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad. 2002. ISBN 978-81-902761-5-3.
- ^ Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: Dhenkanal. State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad. 2002. ISBN 978-81-902761-5-3.
- ^ Bhaskar Mishra (July 2011), The Traditional Role of Gajapati Maharaja in Shri Jagannath Temple (PDF), Orissa Review
- ^ Indu Ramchandani, ed. (2000). Student's Britannica: India (Set of 7 Vols.) 39. Popular Prakashan. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5.
- ^ Prabhakar Gadre (1994). Bhosle of Nagpur and East India Company. Jaipur, India: Publication Scheme. p. 257. ISBN 978-81-85263-65-6.
Cogent arguments were advanced against the lapse of Nagpur State. But ... the view of the Governor-General, Lord Dalhousie, pravailed and the Nagpur kingdom was annexed on 13th March, 1854.
- ^ K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State, p.720
- ^ Guida M. Jackson; Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer (1999). Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 227. ISBN 9781576070918.
- ^ a b George VI retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948.
- ^ Vickers, Hugo (2006), Elizabeth: The Queen Mother, Arrow Books/Random House, p. 175, ISBN 978-0-09-947662-7
Books[edit]
- Baruah, S. L. (1993). Last Days of Ahom Monarchy. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. OCLC 31777697.
- Gait, Edward A. (1906). A History of Assam. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co.
- Gnyawali, Surya Bikram (1 December 1971) [1962], "The Malla Kings of Western Nepal" (PDF), Regmi Research Series, 3 (12): 265–268
- Gogoi, Padmeshwar (1968). The Tai and the Tai kingdoms. Gauhati University. OCLC 199460.
- Handa, O. C. (Omacanda) (2002). History of Uttaranchal. New Delhi: Indus Publishing. ISBN 9788173871344.
- Niyogi, Roma (1959). The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty. Oriental. OCLC 5386449.
- Pande, Badri Datt (1993). History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaun ka itihas". Almora: Shyam Prakashan. ISBN 81-85865-01-9.
- Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. Mateshwari. OCLC 2929852.
- Stein, Mark Aurel (1989a) [1900]. Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 1 (Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0369-5. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- Stein, Mark Aurel (1989b) [1900]. Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 2 (Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0370-1. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- Thakur, Laxman S. (1990). "The Khaśas: An Early Indian Tribe". In K. K. Kusuman (ed.). A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume. Mittal Publications. pp. 285–293. ISBN 978-81-7099-214-1.
- Tucci, Giuseppe (1956). Preliminary Report on Two Scientific Expeditions in Nepal. David Brown Book Company. ISBN 978-88-575-2684-3.