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May 26[edit]

Graff Aviation[edit]

There's an airline called Graff Aviation that I'd like to find out more about, but it seems to have a minimal internet presence. It doesn't have an article on here. There are plenty of photos of its planes, see [1] and [2] for example. But it doesn't seem to have a website and I can't find any information on who owns it or what kind of services it provides. Can anyone provide some more information, please? Thank you, --Viennese Waltz 17:39, 26 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I can find a Graff Aviation Limited incorporated 1970 and dissolved 2018, and Graff Global Aviaiton Limited, incorporated 2008, still extant. They both appear to be associated with the Graff diamond business. DuncanHill (talk) 18:27, 26 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

From this prospectus it appears they operate aircraft "used by Laurence Graff in his personal capacity". DuncanHill (talk) 18:57, 26 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Ah, so it's basically his private jet. Makes sense, many thanks. --Viennese Waltz 19:11, 26 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

May 29[edit]

Is framing the bag and hanging it on the wall reusing it or recycling?[edit]

If you've been to Trader Joe's a couple times, the bag asks you this. 47.153.138.166 (talk) 02:06, 29 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I don't know how a bag would ask you something. However, per Recycling, what you're describing would be "reuse". Recycling typically involves breaking down the source into component materials. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 03:45, 29 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Technically, it would be repurposing. Reusing is simply employing something for its designated purpose multiple times, repurposing is finding a new use for it.--User:Khajidha (talk) (contributions) 11:27, 29 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Assuming the framed bag is "art", it seems like it would be upcycling. Matt Deres (talk) 17:42, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Naively-cascaded biquad bandpasses vs Butterworth bandpass filters[edit]

What's the point of using Butterworth filter design for IIR filter bank spectrum analyzer if simply stacking biquads (w/ exact same properties for each stages) many times (which is what I've implemented in "Analog-style analyzer" mode on this filterbank-based audio spectrum project) is good enough? And what are advantages and disadvantages of naively cascading biquads over using "real" Butterworth bandpass filters for filter bank-based audio spectrum analyzers? And BTW, what is a name for IIR filter design where steeper rolloff is achieved simply by stacking the exact same filter over and over? 114.5.214.236 (talk) 05:50, 29 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Well a Butterworth filter is optimum with spectrum flatness. A design engineer may want to get the "best" out of something, or may just want to do it as cheap or simple as possible. Other consideration such as whether the components are available or stable, or delay is too much can also become relevant. If it's implemented in software then other aspects may come in, such as intellectual property, but component values will be irrelevant. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 22:30, 29 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

@Graeme Bartlett True, but what I'm concerned about is more of choice of filter types (e.g. Butterworth, Bessel, and even Linkwitz-Riley) for filter bank-based spectral analysis like 1/3rd octave band spectrum analyzer. BTW, I go for the "cheaper" or more precisely, simpler route, which is simply stacking the bandpass filters many times because I'm not an audio engineer (at least a good one) and the result is just good enough anyway if you don't care about details of the bandpass filter's properties. 114.5.208.150 (talk) 23:44, 29 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Stacking will not optimise the edge roll-off and may have complicated phase shifting. But for your application it doesn't matter. So simpl;icity and cheapness are more important. Perhaps there is an IC that can do the job. If you can find it, it could be very cheap and simple. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 00:55, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

@Graeme Bartlett and Philvoids: Yeah (considering stacking/cascading two time-domain filters is equivalent of squaring its frequency response) but obviously, since this question is related to this relevant CodePen project, I'm talking about this filter bank design implemented in software (which is digital obviously) strictly speaking. 114.5.211.132 (talk) 04:06, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Tango (soccer ball)[edit]

Hello. If I remember correctly, for a certain period, the Tango was also the official ball of the old European Cup finals (the current Champions League). Since when and for how many years? Thank you very much. 93.148.11.229 (talk) 19:52, 29 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

See Adidas Tango 41.23.55.195 (talk) 05:34, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

May 30[edit]

Red-eye Flight Movies[edit]

Long ago, before the invention of In-flight entertainment, did the airlines show projected movies on their red-eye flights? I think it's tolerable because people were given masks and earphones. -- Toytoy (talk) 01:45, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

On December 5, 1983, I took an American Airlines red-eye from Los Angeles to Chicago, and they showed the movie Staying Alive. Sorry, no WP:RS to cite. --142.112.143.8 (talk) 02:34, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

@Toytoy: How long ago? The article you link says in-flight entertainment began in 1936. It also says After World War II, food and drink services were offered, and movies were projected onto big screens viewable by all passengers on long flights. You can read more about in-flight movies in the History section of that article. RudolfRed (talk) 03:21, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I suggest the original poster was talking about seat-back screens with individual entertainment selections. --142.112.143.8 (talk) 05:25, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

From my memory, the overnight flight would stop showing movies at some point in the night, and turn lights down low. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 04:31, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Before the invention of seatback LCD monitor, technically, you may still watch movies without disturbing others at night, as long as people are wearing sleep masks and earphones. I just don't know if they DID SHOW MOVIES alll night long on a red-eye flight. If not, people who don't like to sleep may find it difficult to pass the time. -- Toytoy (talk) 11:59, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

In the 1980s, movies were projected onto large pop-down screens but without sound (you had to use earphones to listen to it). So it wasn't too disturbing for passengers who wanted to sleep or read or whatever. As Graeme Bartlett mentions above, only one movie would typically be shown on an overnight flight, after which the cabin lights were dimmed until breakfast was served before landing. This is all from personal recollection Xuxl (talk) 15:35, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Your recollection is correct. Viriditas (talk) 21:49, 1 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The earphones were made from plastic tubing and plugged into a speaker in the armrest. You had to pay for the earphones and then give them back at the end of the flight, presumably so that you didn't get a free listen on the way back. I watched a whole James Bond film (maybe The Living Daylights) without the sound on the way to Australia (it still made sense - kind of). There was only one film in the 23 hour flight. Alansplodge (talk) 16:48, 3 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Particular curiosity 1992 European Cup Final[edit]

It is a tradition that on the ‘ears’ of the trophy, ribbons in the social colours of the winning team are wrapped. In the case of Sampdoria's success at Wembley in 1992, what colour ribbons would they have been? One has to take into account the fact that Samp, that evening, was playing in the visiting team's uniform. Is it plausible to think of a pair of white and blue ribbons, like the uniform that night? Thank you very much. 93.148.11.229 (talk) 22:27, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

One can hope to move this out of the area of speculation by looking at earlier cases in which the winning team played in away colours. But how old is this tradition? For the 1991 European Cup final, photographs show the winning team hold up a cup with bare ears.^[3] Also for the 1990 European Cup final, the captain of the winning team is seen to hold up a trophy with unadorned ears.^[4] --Lambiam 05:43, 31 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Websearching images for "1992 European Cup Final trophy" finds images of the winning team Barcelona with the trophy adorned with ribbons of their colours (blue and red, although 1992 European Cup final misleadingly shows a graphic of a mostly orange strip), so certainly had Sampdoria won it would have borne their colours instead.

Whether it would have been their (then) home or (then) away colours that they actually played in remains unresolved, but I note that, according to their article UC Sampdoria (is it correct?), their current home colours are (mostly) blue shirt and white shorts, and their away strip is white shirt and blue shorts. If that was also the case in 1992 then the ribbons would have been white and blue regardless.

Perhaps the OP knows, and will kindly tell us, what Sampdoria's home strip was in 1992? {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 94.2.67.173 (talk) 12:42, 31 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The colours do not change, so the substance does not change. Sampdoria's home uniform consisted of a blue shirt and white shorts. At Wemblely, it was simply the other way around, the colours of the ribbons would not change. Thanks a lot guys.

May 31[edit]

I saw those words today and dont know the difference. What is the difference of a curvy, voluptuous, thick and athletic body shape?[edit]

I saw those words today and dont know the difference. What is the difference of a curvy, voluptuous, thick and athletic body shape? Give me picture examples to make simple as google PS: If one of those ( curvy, voluptuous, thick ) is mistaken with fat, show a fat person to show the difference.177.63.95.122 (talk) 21:23, 31 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The words "curvy" and "voluptuous" imply that the individual is female ("curvaceous" is also used). To be fair to the OP, his native tongue is most likely Portuguese, where the corresponding words may have a wider meaning. Example: Boletim do Instituto Menezes Bragança [5] (on page 148):

...Índia conferiram a sua obra "originalidade e vigor que o aproximam ora do lirismo místico de Tagore, ora do satanismo voluptuoso de Beaudelaire".

...India conferred on his work "originality and vigour that approximate it now to the mystical lyricism of Tagore, now to the voluptuous Satanism of Beaudelaire".

OP, all you have to do is open up a generative AI website. It will create those images for you to look at. I could be wrong, but in the US, curvy, voluptuous, and thick are generally used as synonyms, even though each can have their own separate definitions and differences. I remember reading that there's also a certain amount of cultural overlay. For example, "curvy" is considered body positive. "Voluptuous" implies a somewhat larger figure, but having just looked into it a bit closer, I see it is indeed used in the same way as curvy. Athletic generally entails thin and slightly muscular or defined, with a much smaller top and bottom. As for the term "fat", I think the term you're looking for is "obese". I think what you are really getting it is, can a curvy, voluptuous, and thick woman also be labeled obese? And the answer is most obviously, yes. More interestingly is to examine similar terms for men, which hasn't been done enough in recent years except for the somewhat newer subject of the dad bod. Viriditas (talk) 21:41, 1 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

"Thick" is a slightly nicer way of saying "fat". ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 06:26, 2 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Not exactly. Christina Hendricks might be described as "thick" (or "curvy" or "voluptuous" or "zaftig"), but I don't think anyone would call her "fat". --User:Khajidha (talk) (contributions) 12:02, 3 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Nor does she look it, unless she's gained considerable weight in the last ten years. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 21:15, 3 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Wiktiionary gives thick as a slang term meaning "curvy and voluptuous, and especially having large hips". This definition implies attractiveness, a connotation that is missing in fat. --Lambiam 05:55, 4 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Notions of ideal body types are not only subject to fashion trends, but also differ between cultures. In the Western world, the Rubenesque body used to be seen as an ideal female body type, before the waif type à la Twiggy came in vogue in the 1960s. While men may be attracted to curvy women, these days curvy women tend to feel ashamed for their (completely natural) body type. The situation is very asymmetric between the sexes. (I'm still referring to the Western world.) Having more body fat than average is generally not an attractive feature for men. A friendly way of describing an overweight male is to call them portly. The adjective rotund evokes (for me) the mental image of Santa Claus. A gender-neutral term, also used for children, is chubby. --Lambiam 06:20, 4 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

One interesting thing is that zaftig literally translates as "saucy" or "juicy", though it's usually used to mean "pleasingly plump". And I've never heard "voluptuous" to mean "large hips", but instead to mean "large breasts". Like a Jayne Mansfield. Stephanie Courtney, who plays the insurance lady "Flo", has described herself as "curvy". "Chubby" or "chunky" would be a reasonable synonym. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 11:52, 4 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I've always come across "voluptuous" as meaning curvy all over. If you want to limit it to the breasts, the word is "buxom". --User:Khajidha (talk) (contributions) 15:49, 4 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

In the context of (female) body shape, "thick" is usually a negative ("thick ankles"); when it's meant as a compliment, it's spelled "thicc". Matt Deres (talk) 13:11, 4 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

That's a recent formation. "Thick" was used for years and years before now. --User:Khajidha (talk) (contributions) 15:55, 4 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Miscellaneous world records[edit]

What's the world record for...

...the largest peaceful gathering?
...the smallest and largest food?
...the longest amount of time spent on the FBI's Most Wanted List?
...the most common type of restaurant (as in the cuisine they serve)?
...the most subscribers achieved on YouTube within a single week?

47.153.138.166 (talk) 22:53, 31 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

For item 1, you can probably rule out soccer matches. For item 2, roast camel is pretty good sized. Meanwhile, bacteriophage viruses eat bacteria, which are pretty small. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 01:57, 1 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Further, cursory Internet searches reveal 3) 32 years, for Victor Manuel Gerena and 5) supposedly around 10 million, for Hamster Kombat (the figure is corroborated here, but there isn't an easy way to definitively verify that this is indeed the highest ever achieved). I don't know that there's a meaningful answer to question 4 -- it depends on how you define "type"/"cuisine" and on what scale. There are apparently over twice as many restaurants in China than in any other country, and Chinese restaurants are fairly popular in India (more so than vice-versa), so if you consider "Chinese" to be a single "type" of restaurant that's probably a good guess. (fugues) (talk) 05:15, 1 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

For item 2, check whale blubber, though it doesn't state the species involved. -- Verbarson ^talk_edits 16:28, 1 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

For 1, see List of largest peaceful gatherings. --Viennese Waltz 07:10, 1 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

For item 2, are you asking specifically about human food? And how do you quantify the size of the food? A mustard seed is tiny, but mustard is often eaten as a paste. Is the food to be measured an individual seed, the amount squirted onto a single hot dog, or the contents of a 5 gallon bucket purchased at a membership store like CostCo? Restaurants serve steak in various sizes. Is the 8 oz sirloin the food to be measured or would it be the cow it was cut from? In another sense the "largest food" is a function of the size of the mouth of the person eating. ---User:Khajidha (talk) (contributions) 18:18, 3 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Some animals are bacteriovores, like e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans, which snacks on Escherichia coli bacteria. To this elegant nematode, a 0.6–0.7 μm³ bacterium is food.

The Guinness World Record for largest pizza is held by a pizza measuring 1,296.72 m².^[6] (The photo makes me wonder, though. If you cover an area with overlapping pizzas, in the same manner as traditional shingles or roof tiles, does it become a single pizza?) --Lambiam 05:27, 5 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

A sufficiently thin pizza could be delivered by Fax. Philvoids (talk) 23:35, 5 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

June 3[edit]

Sinc/Lanczos FFT bin interpolation on FFT-based log-frequency spectrum analyzers[edit]

I wonder if sinc/Lanczos interpolation is the best FFT bin interpolation method for "bandpower" spectrum (especially on lower frequencies part when using logarithmic frequency scale) because it approximates $\int _{l}^{h}|{\widehat {f}}(x)|\,d\omega$ where ${\widehat {f}}(x)$ is a discrete-time Fourier transform, in the best way when summation mode is set to "Sum" on my relevant CodePen project or is it? 2001:448A:3070:E3DA:7021:FEBA:971D:F9F6 (talk) 22:27, 3 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Isn't this more of a maths desk kind of thing? --Viennese Waltz 07:06, 4 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Not really. It is a question that audio engineers might be able to answer if they are knowledgeable about digital signal processing. In this context, there is no mathematical notion of how "good" a technique is. I know what FFT is, I know what interpolation is, but not what "FFT bin interpolation" is. You will not find the term "FFT bin" in a maths handbook. --Lambiam 14:46, 4 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

@Lambiam What I meant by "FFT bin interpolation" is the same interpolation is done on FFT bins, which is necessary for logarithmic frequency spectrum analyzers since FFT have limited resolution on lower frequencies (since it has linear frequency resolution as opposed to frequency bands, which in this case has logarithmic frequency scale) and sinc interpolation closely approximates the zero-padding I believe when the interpolation is done before conversion to magnitude FFT. 2001:448A:3070:E3DA:E523:AA53:7234:600A (talk) 23:47, 4 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Yes. Wikipedia uses extended meanings of the useful term BIN for a partition or discrete interval in a range of values such as a Histogram bin, Data binning, a data pre-processing technique or Bin (computational geometry) a space partitioning data structure to enable fast region queries and nearest neighbor search. Philvoids (talk) 22:31, 5 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

It's unlikely that a volunteer here will shepherd the OP in their coding project on another web site but I can give references and a worked example that will be useful. The IEC standard 61672 for sound level meters gives much information on professional-standard audio spectral analysis.

A spectrum analysis in 1/3-octave steps implies using this bank of filters:

FILTER FREQUENCIES in Hz
       Band limits
Center Lower Upper

100   89.1   112
125    112   141
160    141   178
200    178   224
250    224   282
315    282   355
400    355   447
500    447   562
630    562   708
800    708   891
1000   891  1122
1250  1122  1413
1600  1413  1778
2000  1778  2239
2500  2239  2818
3150  2818  3548
4000  3548  4467
5000  4467  5623
6300  5623  7079
8000  7079  8913
10000 8913 11220

I distinguish two alternative approaches. 1) Bank of disparate filters, or 2) Single FFT with tailored bin allocations. In either case the effort in the project depends on the chosen goals for resolution in power and frequency, and whether a near real-time spectrum display is required. (Performing the latter with high precision demands dedicated hardware such as a DSP or FPGA.)

1) Bank of disparate filters The table defines 21 bandpass filters each of different widths, to be separately designed. The Butterworth bandpass design is optimised for flat response between its lower and upper half-power (-3dB) points. This means that other filter characteristics such as the out-of-band rolloff rates are neglected or "poorly" shaped. The best we can do is let adjacent filters overlap at their -3dB frequencies. Here is a worked example in Fortran to design a single Butterworth bandpass filter.

=========================================[edit]

Example requirements

Change as required for each filter.
Band: 20 to 30 kHz
Sections: 5
Sampling interval: 10 usec


	DIMENSION A(5),B(5),C(5),D(5),E(5),GRAF(2.20)
	CALL BPDES(20000.,30000.,1.E-5,5,A,B,C,D,E,GRAF)
	DO 1 N=1,5
1	WRITE(5,2) N,A(N),B(N),C(N),D(N),E(N)
2	FORMAT(5(13,5E14.6))
	DO 3 N=1,20
	DB=10.*ALOG10(GRAF(2,N))
3	WRITE(5,4) GRAF(1,N),GRAF(2,N),DB
4	FORMAT(1X,3E15.6)
	STOP
	END

C - BPDES
C - BANDPASS BUTTERWORTH DIGITAL FILTER DESIGN SUBROUTINE
C - INPUTS ARE PASSBAND (3-DB) FREQUENCIES F1 AND F2 IN HZ.
C -            SAMPLING INTERVAL T IN SECONDS, AND
C -            NUMBER NS OF FILTER SECTIONS.
C - OUTPUTS ARE NS SETS OF FILTER COEFFICIENTS, I.E.
C -                 A(K) THRU E(K) FOR K=1 THRU NS, AND
C-              20 PAIRS OF FREQUENCY AND POWER GAIN, I.E.
C -                 GRAF(1,K) aND GRAF(2,K) FOR K=1 THRU 20.
C - NOTE THAT A(K) THRU E(K) AS WELL AS GRAF(2,20) MUST BE
C -      DIMENSIONED IN THE CALLING PROGRAM.
C -
C - THE DIGITAL FILTER HAS NS SECTIONS IN CASCADE. THE KTH
C -     SECTION HAS THE TRANSFER FUNCTION
C -
C -                  A(K)+(Z**4-2*Z**2+1)
C -     H(Z)=--------------------------------------
C -           Z**4+B(K)*Z**3+C(K)*Z**2+D(K)*Z+E(K)
C -
C - THUS, IF F(M) and G(M) ARE THE INPUT AND OUTPUT OF THE
C -     KTH SECTION AT TIME M*T, THEN
C - 
C -   G(M)=A(K)*(F(M)-2*F(M-2)+F(M-4))-B(K)*G(M-1)
C -          -C(K)*G(M-2)-D(K)*G(M-3)-E(K)*G(M-4)
C -
	SUBROUTINE BPDES(F1,F2,T,NS,A,B,C,D,E,GRAF)
	DIMENSION A(1),B(1),C(1),D(1),E(1),GRAF(2,20)
	PI=3.1415926536
	W1=SIN(F1*PI*T)/COS(F1*PI*T)
	W2=SIN(F2*PI*T)/COS(F2*PI*T)
	WC=W2-W1
	Q=WC*WC+2.*W1*W2
	S=W1*W1*W2*W2
	DO 150 K=1,NS
	CS=COS(FLOAT(2*(K+NS)-1)*PI/FLOAT(4*NS))
	P=-2.*WC*CS
	R=P*W1*W2
	X=1.+P+Q+R+S
	A(K)=WC*WC/X
	B(K)=(-4.-2.*P+2.*R+4.*S)/X
	C(K)=(6.-2.*Q+6.*S)/X
	D(K)=(-4.+2.*P-2.*R+4.*S)/X
150	E(K)=(1.-P+Q-R+S)/X
	DO 160 J=1,2
	DO 160 I=1,10
	K=I*(2-J)+(21-I)*(J-1)
	GRAF(2,K)=.01+.98*FLOAT(I-1)/9
	X=(1./GRAF(2,K)-1.)**(1./FLOAT(4+NS))
	SQ=SQRT(WC*WC*X*X+4.*W1*W2)
160	GRAF(1,K)=ABS(ATAN(.5*(WC*X+FLOAT(2*J-3)*SQ)))/(PI*T)
	RETURN
	END

=========================================[edit]

The first WRITE statement above lists the coefficients of the 5-section filter:


K	A(K)	    	B(K)	C(K)		D(K)	E(K)

1	0.87451E-01	-0.*	0.14818E+01	-0.*	0.83158E+00
2	0.75377E-01 	-0.*	0.12772E+01	-0.*	0.57872E+00
3	0.67455E-01	-0.*	0.11430E+01	-0.*	0.41280E+00
4	0.62671E-01	-0.*	0.10619E+01	-0.*	0.31258E+00
5	0.60417E-01	-0.*	0.10237E+01	-0.*	0.26538E+00

Values of B(K) and D(K) are theoretically zero in this case but show tiny rounding errors.

The second WRITE statement lists 20 points on the power gain curve of the resulting filter.

This confirms -3dB gains at F1 and F2 and you can assess the overlap between adjacent filters.


FREQ (HZ)	       POWER GAIN	POWER GAIN (DB)
 	
10 points on lower	::::::::	::::::::
skirt including F1 

10 points on upper
skirt including F2	::::::::	::::::::
=====================================================

The reference for the above program is "Digital Signal Analysis" by Samuel D. Stearns, 1975 Hayden. An updated version that includes an IBM floppy disc is "Digital Signal Analysis" by Samuel D. Stearns and Don R. Rush, 1990 Hayden.

2) Single FFT with tailored bin allocations

A possible FFT specification:

	Sample rate: 32,768 samples/second
	Inputs: 3,276 real, imaginary components zero
	Outputs: 3,276 power squared (I² + Q²)
This implements 3,275 bandpass filters 10 times a second.

To obtain the overall level in any bandwidth, sum the squared levels of each FFT bin in the band, divide by the number of bins, and take the square root. Where the FFT bin -3dB points do not match the desired 1/3-octave steps, share the bin powers across borders as in this example:


FREQUENCIES in Hz
1/3-OCTAVE FILTER (example)   
       Band limits           ADD THESE FFT BINS   Weight
Center Lower Upper           Center Lower  Upper
125    112                   110    105    115     30%
                             120    115    125    100%
                             130    125    135    100%
             141             140    135    145     40%

More analysis filter resolution at low frequencies will need FFT process of longer sound streams than 0.1 second while analysis to higher audio frequencies will need a higher sample rate. Pursuing both these aims will increase demand on the FFT computation, give a slower result or need more expensive hardware. I do not think that alternative filter designs from the analog world offer a shortcut. Philvoids (talk) 23:25, 5 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

June 5[edit]

The dead and France[edit]

Does anyone know if the country of France does and did (c. 1976) require incoming persons to have a passport, regardless of status as deceased? In reference to an event up for discussion at Ramesses II. Temerarius (talk) 18:50, 5 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Why would a corpse need a passport? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 20:52, 5 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

@Temerarius: There is some information at Agreement_on_the_Transfer_of_Corpses and Travel_document#Laissez-passers. There are two main treaties, from 1973 and 1937. France has signed the later one but Egypt signed the earlier one, so not sure which would apply in the case you refer to. Perhaps the mummy was not in a coffin that met the standard required by the treaty and so some other arrangement needed to be made. You might want to check for French newspaper reporting on the subject at the time it reportedly happened. RudolfRed (talk) 21:25, 5 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Good tip, know any good French search terms for it? Temerarius (talk) 01:40, 6 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The claim that Ramesses II was issued an Egyptian passport is presented as a fact on this page on the website of the History Channel and repeated here on the website of the National Geographic. --Lambiam 07:08, 6 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

And it is disputed in this France24 article]. To me it doesn't seem plausible that France (who wanted Ramesses to come) should have insisted on something like a passport. Queen Elizabeth II. famously did not have a passport, yet they let her into the country repeatedly. It seems obvious though, that Ramesses' visit was accompanied by a lot of paperwork, certainly including documents with identification, detailed description and presumably photographs of the mummy — the Egyptians should have insisted on that, after all they wanted their Ramesses back and not some random Jean-Jacques, and if possible undamaged, too. Call one of these documents a "passport" if you like, but the idea of a standard-format passport seems rather ludicrous — except maybe as a publicity stunt, but then I guess we would have found pictures of it. --Wrongfilter (talk) 08:33, 6 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The comparison to Queen Elizabeth II is particularly fitting given that, like her, Ramesses was a head of state. (What would they put in the "citizenship" field? I doubt Ramesses would be very happy at the suggestion that he was a citizen of a republic, and "He of Sedge and Bee" might cause confusion at border control.) Proteus (Talk) 12:23, 6 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The idea that the head of a state is not a citizen of said state seems ludicrous to me. Of course, the entire concept of royalty also seems ludicrous to me.--User:Khajidha (talk) (contributions) 12:27, 6 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Lambiam (and any others who didn't click through), according to Talk:Ramesses II § A mummy with a passport (redux), the article added a claim about mummy passports in November 2006, so any "RS" statements that postdate the unsourced addition to the article – such as history.com 2013 and National Geographic 2018 – may very well be the result of WP:CITOGENESIS. We'll need a pre-2006 source to establish veracity. Folly Mox (talk) 12:19, 6 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

June 6[edit]