Dr. K.K. Mohammed Koya Sea Cucumber Conservation Reserve
| Dr. K.K. Mohammed Koya Sea Cucumber Conservation Reserve | |
|---|---|
| Cheriyapani Conservation Reserve | |
  | |
| Location | Lakshadweep, India |
| Nearest city | Bitra |
| Coordinates | 11°54′07″N 71°46′59″E / 11.902°N 71.783°E |
| Area | 239 km2 (92 sq mi) |
| Established | 27 February 2020 |
| Governing body | Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change |
The Dr. K.K. Mohammed Koya Sea Cucumber Conservation Reserve is a marine protected area located off the coast of the Indian union territory of Lakshadweep, approximately 50 km (31 mi) northwest of the island of Bitra.[1][2] Formally established by Indian authorities on February 27th, 2020, the reserve covers 239 km2 (92 sq mi) of the Arabian Sea, including parts of the Byramgore (Cheriyapani) Reef, and is the world's first conservation area specifically dedicated to the protection of sea cucumbers.[2][3]
Background[edit]
Sea cucumbers in the black market[edit]
Since 2001, sea cucumbers have been protected in India under Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 (WLPA), affording them the same level of protection under the law as endangered species such as tigers and lions. This includes a total ban on their commercial harvest and transportation in any form.[3] This sharp decrease in supply has created an exorbitant demand for them in the Asian black market, especially for use in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.[4] In recent years, this has increased to the point where criminal organizations such as the Japanese yakuza reportedly make more money from smuggling sea cucumbers into countries such as China and Malaysia than they do from the sale of methamphetamine.[5]
Establishment of Indian conservation reserves[edit]
Proposals for the creation of a marine protected area (MPA) in India to combat this trend have existed as early as 2003.[3] Proposals for the Aggatti Conservation Reserve were first moved in 2008, and in 2020, three MPAs were created in Lakshadweep: the Dr. K.K. Mohammed Koya Sea Cucumber Conservation Reserve, the Attakoya Thangal Marine Reserve 344 km2 (133 sq mi), and the PM Sayeed Marine Birds Conservation Reserve 62 km2 (24 sq mi).[3] Collectively, they cover a total area of 685 km2 (264 sq mi).[3]
List of protected species[edit]
The following 21 species of sea cucumbers are known to occur throughout the Lakshadweep archipelago, including the Dr. K.K. Mohammed Koya Sea Cucumber Conservation Reserve.[6] Vulnerable and endangered species, as assessed by the IUCN Red List, are marked with VU and EN.
- Family Holothuriidae (15 sp.)
- Genus Actinopyga
- Genus Bohadschia
- Bohadschia sp. 1
- Bohadschia sp. 2
- Genus Holothuria
- Genus Labidodemas
- Genus Pearsonothuria
- Family Synaptidae (3 sp.)
- Genus Euapta
- Genus Opheodesoma
- Genus Synapta
- Family Stichopodidae (3 sp.)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Marine Conservation Team (23 March 2020). "Newly Minted MPAs in the Lakshadweep Archipelago: Their significance and way forward". Wildlife Conservation Society. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ a b Damodhar A.T. (27 February 2020). NOTIFICATION (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Shaji, K.A. (5 May 2020). "Lakshadweep unveils world's first sea cucumber conservation reserve". Mongabay-India. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ Syal, Richa (12 April 2021). "'Aphrodisiac' of the ocean: how sea cucumbers became gold for organised crime". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ Yip, Christy (27 August 2022). "Mafia are moving in to poach sea cucumbers. These guardians of the seabed are striking back". Channel News Asia. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ a b Mohammednowshad, B.; K.K., Idreesbabu; S., Sureshkumar (4 May 2021) [16 June 2020]. "Habitat wise variability in the diversity of sea cucumbers in Lakshadweep Archipelago, North-Western Indian Ocean". Regional Studies in Marine Science. 41. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101805. Retrieved 18 May 2024.